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Filling the Gap in the Relationship Between Cancer and Stem Cells

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Stem Cells: Current Challenges and New Directions

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells which are the group of cells that can be isolated from various tissues having the ability of morphing into distinct tissue types and self-renewal have constituted the most popular topic for the stem cell research. Mesenchymal stem cells and cancer cells share common properties like high level of telomerase enzyme activity, deprogramming and proliferation, immortalization, self-renewal, and invasion. As a result of these, common properties have been suggested that some embryonic genes are reexpressing in cancer cells. Additionally, of these properties, MSCs have been shown to have a remarkable tropism towards tumors, so that stem cells might be the key factors of the cancer formation and propagation. There are some studies about the interactions between cancer and stem cells. As a result of these studies, MSCs, with their immunosuppressive activities, vasculogenic supports, anti-apoptotic properties, and being a component of tumor tissue, could affect cancer cells as a promoter, or they could affect tumor formation and propagation as an inhibitor.

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Abbreviations

MSC:

Mesenchymal stem cell

B.C.:

Before Christ

hESC:

Human embryonic stem cell

HSC:

Hematopoietic stem cell

BM-MSC:

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell

UCB:

Umbilical cord blood

WJ:

Wharton’s jelly

AT:

Adipose tissue

ISCT:

International Society for Cellular Therapy

HLA:

Human leukocyte antigen

GvHD:

Graft-versus-host disease

ALS:

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

NSC:

Neural stem cell

IDO:

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase

PGE2:

Prostaglandin E2

EC:

Endothelial cell

FGF:

Fibroblast growth factor

PDGF:

Platelet-derived growth factor

SDF-1:

Stromal-derived factor-1

CAF:

Carcinoma-associated fibroblast

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

HGF:

Hepatic growth factor

TGF:

Transforming growth factor

hASC:

Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell

hCEC:

Human corneal epithelial cell

STZ:

Streptozotocin

α-SMA:

α-Smooth muscle actin

LPA:

Lysophosphatidic acid

shRNA:

Short hairpin ribonucleic acid

CFU-F:

Colony-forming unit fibroblast

STAT3:

Signal transducer and transcription activator

JAK:

Janus kinase

IL-6:

Interleukin-6

EMT:

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

DP-MSC:

Dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cell

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Acknowledgments

We thank Duygu Irmak for help in proofreading the manuscript. We wish to acknowledge Nurcan Erarslen for creating the artwork in Fig. 11.1.

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  1. Department of Stem Cell, Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research & Applied Center, Institute of Medical Sciences, Kocaeli University, 41380, Ummuttepe-Izmit, Kocaeli, Turkey

    Erdal Karaoz Ph.D. & Belma Akpinar M.Sc.

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  1. Erdal Karaoz Ph.D.
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  2. Belma Akpinar M.Sc.
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Correspondence to Erdal Karaoz Ph.D. .

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  1. Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    Kursad Turksen

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Karaoz, E., Akpinar, B. (2013). Filling the Gap in the Relationship Between Cancer and Stem Cells. In: Turksen, K. (eds) Stem Cells: Current Challenges and New Directions. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8066-2_11

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