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The extra-terrestrial vacuum-ultraviolet wavelength range

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Observing Photons in Space

Part of the book series: ISSI Scientific Report Series ((ISSI,volume 9))

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Abstract

Electromagnetic radiation in the vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) and extra-terrestrial range at wavelengths from 10 nm to 300 nm is absorbed in the upper atmosphere by ozone, molecular and atomic oxygen, and molecular nitrogen. Observations at wavelengths down to ≈ 200 nm can be carried out from stratospheric balloons, and observations below 200 nm require space platforms operating at altitudes above 250 km. The VUV spectral region contains emission lines and continua arising from plasma at formation temperatures ranging from about 104 K to more than 107 K. This chapter describes the wide range of plasma diagnostic techniques available at VUV wavelengths, and the development of instrumentation for studies of the high-temperature solar outer atmosphere and astrophysical plasmas. Finally, the prospects for future studies are briefly discussed.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    For details see http://www.epa.gov/ozone.

  2. 2.

    Often called in the literature “emissivity”, which is, however, the ratio of the emission of a surface to the corresponding black-body radiation.

  3. 3.

    Any instrumental line broadening is assumed to have been taken out before.

  4. 4.

    For a Gaussian profile of an emission line at λ 0, the Doppler width, Δ λ D, is related to the standard deviation, σ, and the full-width at half maximum (FWHM), Δ λ FWHM, through the equation:

    $$\displaystyle{ \varDelta \lambda _{\mathrm{D}}\ =\ \sigma \sqrt{2}\ =\ \varDelta \lambda _{\mathrm{FWHM}}/(2\sqrt{\ln 2})\quad. }$$
    (5.11)
  5. 5.

    An angular resolution element of 1′ ′ at 1 ua corresponds to spatial scale of ≈ 725 km on the solar disk.

  6. 6.

    Daily images can be seen at http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov.

  7. 7.

    Full information and results are available at http://trace.lmsal.com. (TRACE and many other space programmes have an open data policy.)

  8. 8.

    Information on the TIMED mission can be found at http://timed.jhuapl.edu.

  9. 9.

    Details can be found at http://solarb.msfc.nasa.gov.

  10. 10.

    See http://stereo.gsfc.nasa.gov.

  11. 11.

    See http://stereo.gsfc.nasa.gov.

  12. 12.

    Secondary Electron Conduction

  13. 13.

    Full details of the mission can be found at http://archive.stsci.edu/iue.

  14. 14.

    Details of the mission can be found at http://archive.stsci.edu/euve.

  15. 15.

    Details of the FUSE mission can be found at http://fuse.pha.jhu.edu.

  16. 16.

    Full information on the GALEX mission can be found at http://galex.caltech.edu.

  17. 17.

    Scientific Instrument Computer and Data Handling

  18. 18.

    http://www.stsci.edu/jwst/

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nightsen, Inc., Tiverton, RI, USA

    J. Gethyn Timothy

  2. MPS—Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany

    Klaus Wilhelm

  3. School of Space Science and Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, China

    Lidong Xia

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  1. J. Gethyn Timothy
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  2. Klaus Wilhelm
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  3. Lidong Xia
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

    Martin C. E. Huber , Anuschka Pauluhn  & Alex Zehnder ,  & 

  2. Mullard Space Science Lab, University College London, Dorking, Surrey, UK

    J. Len Culhane

  3. Nightsen, Inc., Tiverton, Rhode Island, USA

    J. Gethyn Timothy

  4. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany

    Klaus Wilhelm

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Timothy, J.G., Wilhelm, K., Xia, L. (2013). The extra-terrestrial vacuum-ultraviolet wavelength range. In: Huber, M.C.E., Pauluhn, A., Culhane, J.L., Timothy, J.G., Wilhelm, K., Zehnder, A. (eds) Observing Photons in Space. ISSI Scientific Report Series, vol 9. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7804-1_5

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