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Cellular Entry of Retroviruses

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Viral Entry into Host Cells

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 790))

Abstract

The retrovirus family contains several important human and animal pathogens, including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Studies with retroviruses were instrumental to our present understanding of the cellular entry of enveloped viruses in general. For instance, studies with alpharetroviruses defined receptor engagement, as opposed to low pH, as a trigger for the envelope protein-driven membrane fusion. The insights into the retroviral entry process allowed the generation of a new class of antivirals, entry inhibitors, and these therapeutics are at present used for treatment of HIV/AIDS. In this chapter, we will summarize key concepts established for entry of avian sarcoma and leukosis virus (ASLV), a widely used model system for retroviral entry. We will then review how foamy virus and HIV, primate- and human retroviruses, enter target cells, and how the interaction of the viral and cellular factors involved in the cellular entry of these viruses impacts viral tropism, pathogenesis and approaches to therapy and vaccine development.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Virology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

    Dirk Lindemann

  2. Institute for Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany

    Imke Steffen & Stefan Pöhlmann

  3. Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA

    Imke Steffen

  4. German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany

    Stefan Pöhlmann

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  1. Dirk Lindemann
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  2. Imke Steffen
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  1. Institute for Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany

    Stefan Pöhlmann PhD

  2. German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany

    Stefan Pöhlmann PhD

  3. Blood Systems Research Institute, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA

    Graham Simmons PhD

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Lindemann, D., Steffen, I., Pöhlmann, S. (2013). Cellular Entry of Retroviruses. In: Pöhlmann, S., Simmons, G. (eds) Viral Entry into Host Cells. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 790. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7651-1_7

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