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Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis

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Lipoproteins in Diabetes Mellitus

Part of the book series: Contemporary Diabetes ((CDI))

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Abstract

Easy and affordable availability of calorie-dense food substrates and increasing adoption of a sedentary lifestyle sans regular exercise have resulted in an increase in the incidence and prevalence of obesity worldwide. A major consequence is the increase in the number of those with diabetes mellitus (DM), which is projected to reach about 300 million people worldwide by 2020 [1]. Following the discovery of insulin by Banting, McLeod, and Best in 1922, it was widely thought that human diabetes mellitus was largely due to a deficiency in the secretion of the hormone. However, in 1936 Sir Harold Percival Himsworth [2] noted variations in the responses of diabetic patients to insulin and proposed the notion that insulin insensitivity, not insulin deficiency, was the defining biochemical defect in many diabetics. In the spring of 1939, he also delivered the Goulstonian Lectures at the Royal College of Physicians of London, highlighting this new paradigm. These lectures were eventually published in 1939 [3–6]. The discovery of the immunoassay method for quantification of human insulin by Yalow and Berson in 1960 [7] soon led to the realization that in many individuals with diabetes, insulin resistance was often characterized by “compensatory” hyperinsulinemia. This has implications as discussed in subsequent sections.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Texas A&M Health Sciences Center and College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA

    Kamalpreet Singh & Vasudevan A. Raghavan MBBS, MD, MRCP(UK)

  2. Cardiometabolic, Lipid Clinic & Medical Weight Management Services, Division of Endocrinology, Scott and White Center of Diagnostic Medicine, 1605 S 31st Street, Temple, TX, 76508, USA

    Vasudevan A. Raghavan MBBS, MD, MRCP(UK)

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  1. Kamalpreet Singh
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Correspondence to Vasudevan A. Raghavan MBBS, MD, MRCP(UK) .

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  1. NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

    Alicia J. Jenkins

  2. College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Peoria, Illinois, USA

    Peter P. Toth

  3. Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA

    Timothy J. Lyons

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Singh, K., Raghavan, V.A. (2014). Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis. In: Jenkins, A., Toth, P., Lyons, T. (eds) Lipoproteins in Diabetes Mellitus. Contemporary Diabetes. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7554-5_3

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