Skip to main content

Monsoons

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Tropical Meteorology

Part of the book series: Springer Atmospheric Sciences ((SPRINGERATMO))

Abstract

The monsoons of the world are defined through the seasonal reversal of large-scale surface winds. The best place to see an illustration of this phenomenon is in the domain of the Indian Monsoon where the southwesterly surface winds of the summer monsoon get replaced by the northeasterly surface winds of the winter monsoon, as shown in Fig. 5.1.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ananthakrishnan, R., Soman, M.K.: The onset of the southwest monsoon over Kerala: 1901–80. J. Climatol. 8, 283–296 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruce, J.G.: Large-scale variations of the Somali current during the southwest monsoon, 1970. Deep-Sea Res. 20, 837–846 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, C.P., Harr, P.A., McBride, J., Hsu, H.H.: The maritime continent monsoon. In: Chang, C.P. (ed.) East Asian Monsoon, pp. 107–150. World Scientific, Hackensack (2004). Chapter 3

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, C. P.: The maritime continent monsoon. The global monsoon system: research and forecast. WMO/TD Rep. 1266, pp. 156–178 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  • Düing, W., Leetmaa, A.: Arabian Sea cooling: a preliminary heat budget. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 10, 307–312 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Findlater, J.: A major low-level air current near the Indian Ocean during the northern summer. Quart. J. Roy. Soc. 95, 362–380 (1969)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Findlater, J.: Mean monthly airflow at low levels over the western Indian Ocean. Geophys. Memo. 16, 1–53 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gadgil, S., Joseph, P.V.: On breaks of the Indian monsoon. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Earth Planet. Sci. 112, 529–558 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Janowiak, J.E., Xie, P.: A global-scale examination of monsoon-related precipitation. J. Climate 16, 4121–4133 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnamurti, T.N.: Compendium of Meteorology for Use by Class I and Class II Meteorological Personnel. Volume II, Part 4—Tropical Meteorology. Aksel Wiin-Nielsen, World Meteorological Organization - WMO (WMO-No. 364) (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Krishnamurti, T.N.: Summer monsoon experiment- a review. Mon. Weather Rev. 113, 1590–1626 (1985)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnamurti, T.N., Ramanathan, Y.: Sensitivity of the monsoon onset to differential heating. J. Atmos. Sci. 39, 1290–1306 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnamurti, T.N., Thomas, A., Simon, A., Kumar, V.: Desert air incursions, an overlooked aspect, for the dry spells of the Indian summer monsoon. J. Atmos. Sci. 67, 3423–3441 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnamurti, T.N., Wong, V.: Compendium of meteorology - for use by class I and II Meteorological Personnel: Volume II, part 4 - Tropical meteorology T.N. Krishnamurti; Aksel Wiin-Nielsen, World Meteorological Organization - WMO, (WMO No. 364). A planetary boundary layer model for the Somali Jet. J. Atmos. Sci. 36, 1895–1907 (1979)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnamurti, T.N., Ardanuy, P., Ramanathan, Y., Pasch, R.: The onset-vortex of the summer monsoon. Mon. Weather Rev. 109, 344–363 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnamurti, T., Simon, A., Aype, T., Mishra, A., Sikka, D., Niyogi, D., Chakraborty, A., Li, L.: Modeling of forecast sensitivity of the march of monsoon isochrones from Kerala to New Delhi, the first 25 days. J. Atmos. Sci. (2012). doi:10.1175/JAS-D-11-0170.1, in press

    Google Scholar 

  • Krishnan, R., Zhang, C., Sugi, M.: Dynamics of breaks in the Indian summer monsoon. J. Atmos. Sci. 57, 1354–1372 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mahrt, L.J., Young, J.A.: Some basic theoretical concepts of boundary layer flow at low latitudes. Published in Dynamics of tropical atmosphere, 411–420 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pisharoty, P.R.: Evaporation from the Arabian Sea and the Indian Southwest monsoon. Proc. Int. Indian Ocean Expedition. Pisharoty, P.R. (ed.), 43–54 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  • Raj, Y.E.A.: Objective determination of northeast monsoon onset dates over coastal Tamil Nadu for the period 1901–90. Mausam 43, 273–282 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramage, C.S. (ed.): Monsoon Meteorology. International geophysical series, vol. 15. Academic, New York (1971). 296pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramamurthy, K.: Monsoons of India, some aspects of the ‘Break in the Indian Southwest Monsoon during July and August’. Forecasting Manual No.IV-18.3, India Meteorological Department, Pune, pp. 1–57 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka, M.: The onset and retreat dates of the austral summer monsoon over Indonesia, Australia and New Guinea. J. Met. Soc. Jpn. 72, 255–267 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yanai, M., Tomita, T.: Seasonal and interannual variability of atmospheric heat sources and moisture sinks as determined from NCEP–NCAR reanalysis. J. Climate 11, 463–482 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yanai, M., Li, C., Song, Z.: Seasonal heating of the Tibetan Plateau and its effects on the evolution of the Asian summer monsoon. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan 70, 319–351 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Krishnamurti, T.N., Stefanova, L., Misra, V. (2013). Monsoons. In: Tropical Meteorology. Springer Atmospheric Sciences. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7409-8_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics