Abstract
The monsoons of the world are defined through the seasonal reversal of large-scale surface winds. The best place to see an illustration of this phenomenon is in the domain of the Indian Monsoon where the southwesterly surface winds of the summer monsoon get replaced by the northeasterly surface winds of the winter monsoon, as shown in Fig. 5.1.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ananthakrishnan, R., Soman, M.K.: The onset of the southwest monsoon over Kerala: 1901–80. J. Climatol. 8, 283–296 (1988)
Bruce, J.G.: Large-scale variations of the Somali current during the southwest monsoon, 1970. Deep-Sea Res. 20, 837–846 (1973)
Chang, C.P., Harr, P.A., McBride, J., Hsu, H.H.: The maritime continent monsoon. In: Chang, C.P. (ed.) East Asian Monsoon, pp. 107–150. World Scientific, Hackensack (2004). Chapter 3
Chang, C. P.: The maritime continent monsoon. The global monsoon system: research and forecast. WMO/TD Rep. 1266, pp. 156–178 (2005)
Düing, W., Leetmaa, A.: Arabian Sea cooling: a preliminary heat budget. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 10, 307–312 (1980)
Findlater, J.: A major low-level air current near the Indian Ocean during the northern summer. Quart. J. Roy. Soc. 95, 362–380 (1969)
Findlater, J.: Mean monthly airflow at low levels over the western Indian Ocean. Geophys. Memo. 16, 1–53 (1971)
Gadgil, S., Joseph, P.V.: On breaks of the Indian monsoon. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Earth Planet. Sci. 112, 529–558 (2003)
Janowiak, J.E., Xie, P.: A global-scale examination of monsoon-related precipitation. J. Climate 16, 4121–4133 (2003)
Krishnamurti, T.N.: Compendium of Meteorology for Use by Class I and Class II Meteorological Personnel. Volume II, Part 4—Tropical Meteorology. Aksel Wiin-Nielsen, World Meteorological Organization - WMO (WMO-No. 364) (1979)
Krishnamurti, T.N.: Summer monsoon experiment- a review. Mon. Weather Rev. 113, 1590–1626 (1985)
Krishnamurti, T.N., Ramanathan, Y.: Sensitivity of the monsoon onset to differential heating. J. Atmos. Sci. 39, 1290–1306 (1982)
Krishnamurti, T.N., Thomas, A., Simon, A., Kumar, V.: Desert air incursions, an overlooked aspect, for the dry spells of the Indian summer monsoon. J. Atmos. Sci. 67, 3423–3441 (2010)
Krishnamurti, T.N., Wong, V.: Compendium of meteorology - for use by class I and II Meteorological Personnel: Volume II, part 4 - Tropical meteorology T.N. Krishnamurti; Aksel Wiin-Nielsen, World Meteorological Organization - WMO, (WMO No. 364). A planetary boundary layer model for the Somali Jet. J. Atmos. Sci. 36, 1895–1907 (1979)
Krishnamurti, T.N., Ardanuy, P., Ramanathan, Y., Pasch, R.: The onset-vortex of the summer monsoon. Mon. Weather Rev. 109, 344–363 (1981)
Krishnamurti, T., Simon, A., Aype, T., Mishra, A., Sikka, D., Niyogi, D., Chakraborty, A., Li, L.: Modeling of forecast sensitivity of the march of monsoon isochrones from Kerala to New Delhi, the first 25 days. J. Atmos. Sci. (2012). doi:10.1175/JAS-D-11-0170.1, in press
Krishnan, R., Zhang, C., Sugi, M.: Dynamics of breaks in the Indian summer monsoon. J. Atmos. Sci. 57, 1354–1372 (2000)
Mahrt, L.J., Young, J.A.: Some basic theoretical concepts of boundary layer flow at low latitudes. Published in Dynamics of tropical atmosphere, 411–420 (1972)
Pisharoty, P.R.: Evaporation from the Arabian Sea and the Indian Southwest monsoon. Proc. Int. Indian Ocean Expedition. Pisharoty, P.R. (ed.), 43–54 (1965)
Raj, Y.E.A.: Objective determination of northeast monsoon onset dates over coastal Tamil Nadu for the period 1901–90. Mausam 43, 273–282 (1992)
Ramage, C.S. (ed.): Monsoon Meteorology. International geophysical series, vol. 15. Academic, New York (1971). 296pp
Ramamurthy, K.: Monsoons of India, some aspects of the ‘Break in the Indian Southwest Monsoon during July and August’. Forecasting Manual No.IV-18.3, India Meteorological Department, Pune, pp. 1–57 (1969)
Tanaka, M.: The onset and retreat dates of the austral summer monsoon over Indonesia, Australia and New Guinea. J. Met. Soc. Jpn. 72, 255–267 (1994)
Yanai, M., Tomita, T.: Seasonal and interannual variability of atmospheric heat sources and moisture sinks as determined from NCEP–NCAR reanalysis. J. Climate 11, 463–482 (1998)
Yanai, M., Li, C., Song, Z.: Seasonal heating of the Tibetan Plateau and its effects on the evolution of the Asian summer monsoon. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan 70, 319–351 (1992)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Krishnamurti, T.N., Stefanova, L., Misra, V. (2013). Monsoons. In: Tropical Meteorology. Springer Atmospheric Sciences. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7409-8_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7409-8_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-7408-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-7409-8
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)