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Comparative Oncology of Skin Cancer

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Skin Cancer

Part of the book series: Current Clinical Pathology ((CCPATH))

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Abstract

Studying the naturally occurring skin cancers seen in companion (pet) animals provides an opportunity to improve our knowledge about the biology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of skin cancer across species, contributing to advances in human and animal health through a comparative oncology approach. A comparative oncology approach to the study of skin cancer integrates knowledge and studies of these naturally occurring cancers in pets with other basic and clinical research. Studying the similarities and the differences between neoplastic conditions of animals and humans can provide additional knowledge and insight into the biology of cancer. This chapter reviews the clinical features, pathology, and molecular biology associated with the common skin cancers seen in animals, focusing on the similarities and differences between animals and humans.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Drive MSC 1002, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA

    Ira Gordon DVM

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  1. Ira Gordon DVM
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Correspondence to Ira Gordon DVM .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples Department of Environmental, Biological, Naples, Italy

    Alfonso Baldi

  2. Department of Dermatology, Pius Hospital de Valls, Valls, Tarragona, Spain

    Paola Pasquali

  3. S.A.F.U. Department, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy

    Enrico P Spugnini

Glossary

Basal cell tumors (adenoma and carcinoma)

Tumors originating from skin basal cells, characterized by local invasiveness and almost lack of metastatic potential

Companion animals

house pets (dogs and cats)

Cox-2 cyclooxygenase type 2

Is a enzyme that is frequently overexpressed in pet tumors; it increases angiogenesis, tumor cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. It is frequently targeted in veterinary oncology using cox-inhibitors

Melanoma

A melanocitic tumor localized in the skin or muco-cutaneous regions. The cutaneous localization is associated with aggressive behavior in 10% of the horses while it is benign in pets. The mucocutaneous location is associated with local invasiveness and distant metastases in pets

p53

A tumor suppressor genes frequently mutated in tumors of companion animals

Sarcoid

An equine neoplasm caused by non productive papillomavirus infection

Squamous cell carcinoma

a rapidly growing, usually sun-induced tumor of skin and nasal planum, more common among pets with depigmented areas of the body

VEGF

Vascular endothelial growth factor is a growth factor and promoter of angiogenesis that is frequently overexpressed in canine cancer (squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma) and is sometimes associated with patient outcome

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Gordon, I. (2014). Comparative Oncology of Skin Cancer. In: Baldi, A., Pasquali, P., Spugnini, E. (eds) Skin Cancer. Current Clinical Pathology. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7357-2_10

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