Skip to main content

Skeletal Muscle Tumors

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Atlas of Soft Tissue Tumor Pathology

Part of the book series: Atlas of Anatomic Pathology ((AAP))

  • 5193 Accesses

Abstract

Lesions that differentiate toward skeletal muscle form a distinct subgroup of soft tissue tumors. They include a small number of benign tumors and tumor-like lesions and a clinically more important group of malignant neoplasms: rhabdomyosarcomas. Although they are uncommon overall, rhabdomyosarcomas of embryonal and alveolar types, which are genetically distinct, are the most frequent soft tissue sarcomas of childhood and adolescence. Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma occurs mainly in older adults. Spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma has two forms: the pediatric type, which is relatively indolent, and the adult type, which is a more aggressive neoplasm.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Suggested Reading

  • Auerbach A, Fanburg-Smith JC, Wang G, Rushing EJ. Focal myositis: a clinicopathologic study of 115 cases of an intramuscular mass-like reactive process. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009;33:1016–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee SS, Eyden B. Divergent differentiation in malignant melanomas: a review. Histopathology. 2008;52:119–29.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Binh MB, Guillou L, Hostein I, Chateau MC, Collin F, Aurias A, et al. Dedifferentiated liposarcomas with divergent myosarcomatous differentiation developed in the internal trunk: a study of 27 cases and comparison to conventional dedifferentiated liposarcomas and leiomyosarcomas. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007;31:1557–66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cavazzana AO, Schmidt D, Ninfo V, Harms D, Tollot M, Carli M, et al. Spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma. A prognostically favorable variant of rhabdomyosarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 1992;16:229–35.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deyrup AT, Haydon RC, Huo D, Ishikawa A, Peabody TD, He TC, et al. Myoid differentiation and prognosis in adult pleomorphic sarcomas of the extremity: an analysis of 92 cases. Cancer. 2003;98:805–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duan F, Smith LM, Gustafson DM, Zhang C, Dunlevy MJ, Gastier-Foster JM, et al. Genomic and clinical analysis of fusion gene amplification in rhabdomyosarcoma: a report from the Children’s Oncology Group. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2012;51:662–74.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans HL, Khurana KK, Kemp BL, Ayala AG. Heterologous elements in the dedifferentiated component of dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 1994;18:1150–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher C. Soft tissue sarcomas with non-EWS translocations: molecular genetic features and pathologic and clinical correlations. Virchows Arch. 2010;456:153–66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Folpe AL, McKenney JK, Bridge JA, Weiss SW. Sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma in adults: report of four cases of a hyalinizing, matrix-rich variant of rhabdomyosarcoma that may be confused with osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, or angiosarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;26:1175–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Furlong MA, Mentzel T, Fanburg-Smith JC. Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma in adults: a clinicopathologic study of 38 cases with emphasis on morphologic variants and recent skeletal muscle-specific markers. Mod Pathol. 2001;14:595–603.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaffney EF, Dervan PA, Fletcher CD. Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma in adulthood. Analysis of 11 cases with definition of diagnostic criteria. Am J Surg Pathol. 1993;17:601–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huh WW, Skapek SX. Childhood rhabdomyosarcoma: new insight on biology and treatment. Curr Oncol Rep. 2010;12:402–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kapadia SB, Meis JM, Frisman DM, Ellis GL, Heffner DK. Fetal rhabdomyoma of the head and neck: a clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic study of 24 cases. Hum Pathol. 1993;24:754–65.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leuschner I. Spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma: histologic variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma with association to favorable prognosis. Curr Top Pathol. 1995;89:261–72.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liegl B, Hornick JL, Antonescu CR, Corless CL, Fletcher CD. Rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation in gastrointestinal stromal tumors after tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy: a novel form of tumor progression. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009;33:218–26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Massi D, Beltrami G, Capanna R, Franchi A. Histopathological re-classification of extremity pleomorphic soft tissue sarcoma has clinical relevance. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2004;30:1131–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mentzel T, Katenkamp D. Sclerosing, pseudovascular rhabdomyosarcoma in adults. Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of three cases. Virchows Arch. 2000;436:305–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nascimento AF, Fletcher CD. Spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma in adults. Am J Surg Pathol. 2005;29:1106–13.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stegmaier S, Poremba C, Schaefer KL, Leuschner I, Kazanowska B, Bekassy AN, et al. Prognostic value of PAX-FKHR fusion status in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma: a report from the cooperative soft tissue sarcoma study group (CWS). Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2011;57:406–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stock N, Chibon F, Binh MB, Terrier P, Michels JJ, Valo I, et al. Adult-type rhabdomyosarcoma: analysis of 57 cases with clinicopathologic description, identification of 3 morphologic patterns and prognosis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009;33:1850–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Fisher, C. (2013). Skeletal Muscle Tumors. In: Atlas of Soft Tissue Tumor Pathology. Atlas of Anatomic Pathology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7025-0_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7025-0_12

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-7024-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-7025-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics