Skip to main content

Histopathological Diagnosis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Looking beyond the Blue Book

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 778))

Abstract

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumour of the nasopharynx that has a strong geographical distribution, with a high incidence in Southern China. It is a tumour that has had many classification schemes proposed since the early 20th century. The latest classification proposed by the World Health Organization has two main types of tumour—nonkeratinizing carcinoma and keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. In actual practice, however, histological gradations between these two types can be present and the prognostic significance of such subdivision remains unclear. As there has been an increasing trend of monitoring NPC by Epstein-Barr viral (EBV) load it is possible that future classifications may be based on whether the tumour is associated with EBV or not, rather than histological appearances.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Chan JKC, Bray F, McCarron P et al. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In: Barnes L, Eveson JW, Reichart P, Sidransky D, eds. Pathology and Genetics. Head and Neck Tumours. Lyon: IARC Press, 2005:85–97.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Jackson C. Primary carcinoma of the nasopharynx: A table of cases. JAMA 1901; 37:371–377.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Trotter W. On certain clinically obscure malignant tumours of the nasopharyngeal wall. Brit Med J 1911; 2:1057–1058.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Godtfredsen E. On the histopathology of malignant nasopharyngeal tumours. Acta Path et Microbiol Scand Supp 1944; 55:38–319.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Quick D, Cutler M. Surg Gynec Obst 1927; 45:320–331.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Quick D, Cutler M. Radiation reaction of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in cervical lymph nodes. Am J Roentgenol 1925; 14:529–540.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Ewing J. Lymphoepithelioma. Am J Path 1929; 5:99–107.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Cappell D. On lymphoepitheliomas of the nasopharynx and tonsils. J Pathol and Bact 1934; 39:49–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Cappell D. The pathology of nasopharyngeal tumours. J Laryngol Otol 1938; 53:558–580.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Salinger S, Pearlman S. Malignant tumours of the epipharynx. Tr Am Acad Ophth 1935; 41:281–316.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Thompson E. Lymphoepithelioma of the nasopharynx. AMA Arch Otolaryngol 1951; 54:390–408.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Ch’eng Y. Lymphoepithelioma of the nasopharynx with involvement of the nervous system. Chin Med J 1935; 49:1075–1091.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Ch’in K, Szutu C. Lymphoepithelioma; pathologic study of 97 cases. Chin Med J Supp 1940; 3:94–119.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Digby K, Fook W, Che Y. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Br J Surg 1941; 28:517–537.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Teoh T. Epidermoid carcinoma of the nasopharynx among Chinese: a study of 31 necropsies. J Pathol Bacteriol 1957; 73:451–465.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Yeh S. A histological classification of carcinomas of the nasopharynx with a critical review as to the existence of lymphoepitheliomas. Cancer 1962; 15:895–920.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Liang PC, Ch’En CC, Chu CCb et al. The histopathologic classification, biologic characteristics and histogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinomas. Chin Med J 1962; 81:629–658.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Svoboda D, Kirchner F, Shanmugaratnam K. Ultrastructure of nasopharyngeal carcinomas in american and Chinese patients; an application of electron microscopy to geographic pathology. Exp Mol Pathol 1965; 28:189–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Gazzolo L, De-The G, Vuillaume M et al. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. II Ultrastructure of normal mucosa, tumor biopsies and subsequent epithelial growth in vitro. J Natl Cancer Inst 1972; 48(l):73–86.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Prasad U. Cells of origin of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: an electron microscopic study. J Laryngol Otol 1974; 88(11): 1087–1094.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Michaels L, Hyams VJ. Undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasopharynx: a light and electron microscopical study. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 1977; 2(2): 105–114.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Shanmugaratnam K, Sobin L. Histological typing ofupper respiratory tract tumours. International histological classification of tumours. Geneva: World Health Organisation 1978; No 19:32–33.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Micheau C, Rilke F, Pilotti S. Proposal for a new histopathological classification of the carcinomas of the nasopharynx. Tumori 1978; 64(5):513–518.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Micheau C. What’s new in histological classification and recognition of naso-pharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Pathol Res Pract 1986; 181(2):249–253.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Krueger GR, Kottaridis SD, Wolf H et al. Histological types of nasopharyngeal carcinoma as compared to EBV serology. Anticancer Res 1981; 1(4): 187–194.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Shanmugaratnam K. Histological typing of tumours of the upper respiratory tract and ear. Shanmugaratnam K, ed. International histological classification of tumours. 2 ed. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1991:32–33.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Zong YS, Zhang CQ, Zhang F et al. Infiltrating lymphocytes and accessory cells in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Jpn J Cancer Res 1993; 84(8):900–905.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Shanmugaratnam K, Chan SH, de-The G et al. Histopathology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: correlations with epidemiology, survival rates and other biological characteristics. Cancer 1979; 44(3): 1029–1044.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Nomori H, Watanabe S, Nakajima T et al. Histiocytes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma in relation to prognosis. Cancer 1986; 57(1): 100–105.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Vera- Sempere FJ, Micheau C, Llombart-Bosch A. S-100 protein positive cells in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC): absence of prognostic significance. A clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 40 cases. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol 1987; 411(3):233–237.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Giannini A, Bianchi S, Messerini L et al. Prognostic significance of accessory cells and lymphocytes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 1991; 187(4):496–502.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Li J, YZ. A study on the relationship between the serum IgA antibody titers to EB VCA and the pathological changes of the untreated NPC patients. Acta Acad Med Zhongshan 1983; 4:17–26.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Yu KH, Leung SF, Tung SY et al. Survival outcome of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma with first local failure: a study by the hong kong nasopharyngeal carcinoma study group. Head Neck 2005; 27(5):397–405.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Selek U, Ozyar E, Ozyigit G et al. Treatment results of 59 young patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2005; 69(2):201–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Meyer JE, Wang CC. Carcinoma of the nasopharynx. Factors influencing results of therapy. Radiology 1971; 100(2):385–388.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Nicholls JM, Agathanggelou A, Fung K et al. The association of squamous cell carcinomas of the nasopharynx with epstein-barr virus shows geographical variation reminiscent of burkitt’s lymphoma. J Pathol 1997; 183(2): 164–168.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Crook T, Nicholls JM, Brooks L et al. High level expression of deltaN-p63: a mechanism for the inactivation of p53 in undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)? Oncogene 2000; 19(30):3439–3444.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Landes Bioscience and Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Nicholls, J., Niedobitek, G. (2013). Histopathological Diagnosis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Looking beyond the Blue Book. In: Busson, P. (eds) Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 778. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5947-7_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics