Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumour of the nasopharynx that has a strong geographical distribution, with a high incidence in Southern China. It is a tumour that has had many classification schemes proposed since the early 20th century. The latest classification proposed by the World Health Organization has two main types of tumour—nonkeratinizing carcinoma and keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. In actual practice, however, histological gradations between these two types can be present and the prognostic significance of such subdivision remains unclear. As there has been an increasing trend of monitoring NPC by Epstein-Barr viral (EBV) load it is possible that future classifications may be based on whether the tumour is associated with EBV or not, rather than histological appearances.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Chan JKC, Bray F, McCarron P et al. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In: Barnes L, Eveson JW, Reichart P, Sidransky D, eds. Pathology and Genetics. Head and Neck Tumours. Lyon: IARC Press, 2005:85–97.
Jackson C. Primary carcinoma of the nasopharynx: A table of cases. JAMA 1901; 37:371–377.
Trotter W. On certain clinically obscure malignant tumours of the nasopharyngeal wall. Brit Med J 1911; 2:1057–1058.
Godtfredsen E. On the histopathology of malignant nasopharyngeal tumours. Acta Path et Microbiol Scand Supp 1944; 55:38–319.
Quick D, Cutler M. Surg Gynec Obst 1927; 45:320–331.
Quick D, Cutler M. Radiation reaction of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in cervical lymph nodes. Am J Roentgenol 1925; 14:529–540.
Ewing J. Lymphoepithelioma. Am J Path 1929; 5:99–107.
Cappell D. On lymphoepitheliomas of the nasopharynx and tonsils. J Pathol and Bact 1934; 39:49–64.
Cappell D. The pathology of nasopharyngeal tumours. J Laryngol Otol 1938; 53:558–580.
Salinger S, Pearlman S. Malignant tumours of the epipharynx. Tr Am Acad Ophth 1935; 41:281–316.
Thompson E. Lymphoepithelioma of the nasopharynx. AMA Arch Otolaryngol 1951; 54:390–408.
Ch’eng Y. Lymphoepithelioma of the nasopharynx with involvement of the nervous system. Chin Med J 1935; 49:1075–1091.
Ch’in K, Szutu C. Lymphoepithelioma; pathologic study of 97 cases. Chin Med J Supp 1940; 3:94–119.
Digby K, Fook W, Che Y. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Br J Surg 1941; 28:517–537.
Teoh T. Epidermoid carcinoma of the nasopharynx among Chinese: a study of 31 necropsies. J Pathol Bacteriol 1957; 73:451–465.
Yeh S. A histological classification of carcinomas of the nasopharynx with a critical review as to the existence of lymphoepitheliomas. Cancer 1962; 15:895–920.
Liang PC, Ch’En CC, Chu CCb et al. The histopathologic classification, biologic characteristics and histogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinomas. Chin Med J 1962; 81:629–658.
Svoboda D, Kirchner F, Shanmugaratnam K. Ultrastructure of nasopharyngeal carcinomas in american and Chinese patients; an application of electron microscopy to geographic pathology. Exp Mol Pathol 1965; 28:189–204.
Gazzolo L, De-The G, Vuillaume M et al. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. II Ultrastructure of normal mucosa, tumor biopsies and subsequent epithelial growth in vitro. J Natl Cancer Inst 1972; 48(l):73–86.
Prasad U. Cells of origin of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: an electron microscopic study. J Laryngol Otol 1974; 88(11): 1087–1094.
Michaels L, Hyams VJ. Undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasopharynx: a light and electron microscopical study. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 1977; 2(2): 105–114.
Shanmugaratnam K, Sobin L. Histological typing ofupper respiratory tract tumours. International histological classification of tumours. Geneva: World Health Organisation 1978; No 19:32–33.
Micheau C, Rilke F, Pilotti S. Proposal for a new histopathological classification of the carcinomas of the nasopharynx. Tumori 1978; 64(5):513–518.
Micheau C. What’s new in histological classification and recognition of naso-pharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Pathol Res Pract 1986; 181(2):249–253.
Krueger GR, Kottaridis SD, Wolf H et al. Histological types of nasopharyngeal carcinoma as compared to EBV serology. Anticancer Res 1981; 1(4): 187–194.
Shanmugaratnam K. Histological typing of tumours of the upper respiratory tract and ear. Shanmugaratnam K, ed. International histological classification of tumours. 2 ed. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1991:32–33.
Zong YS, Zhang CQ, Zhang F et al. Infiltrating lymphocytes and accessory cells in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Jpn J Cancer Res 1993; 84(8):900–905.
Shanmugaratnam K, Chan SH, de-The G et al. Histopathology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: correlations with epidemiology, survival rates and other biological characteristics. Cancer 1979; 44(3): 1029–1044.
Nomori H, Watanabe S, Nakajima T et al. Histiocytes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma in relation to prognosis. Cancer 1986; 57(1): 100–105.
Vera- Sempere FJ, Micheau C, Llombart-Bosch A. S-100 protein positive cells in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC): absence of prognostic significance. A clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 40 cases. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol 1987; 411(3):233–237.
Giannini A, Bianchi S, Messerini L et al. Prognostic significance of accessory cells and lymphocytes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 1991; 187(4):496–502.
Li J, YZ. A study on the relationship between the serum IgA antibody titers to EB VCA and the pathological changes of the untreated NPC patients. Acta Acad Med Zhongshan 1983; 4:17–26.
Yu KH, Leung SF, Tung SY et al. Survival outcome of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma with first local failure: a study by the hong kong nasopharyngeal carcinoma study group. Head Neck 2005; 27(5):397–405.
Selek U, Ozyar E, Ozyigit G et al. Treatment results of 59 young patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2005; 69(2):201–207.
Meyer JE, Wang CC. Carcinoma of the nasopharynx. Factors influencing results of therapy. Radiology 1971; 100(2):385–388.
Nicholls JM, Agathanggelou A, Fung K et al. The association of squamous cell carcinomas of the nasopharynx with epstein-barr virus shows geographical variation reminiscent of burkitt’s lymphoma. J Pathol 1997; 183(2): 164–168.
Crook T, Nicholls JM, Brooks L et al. High level expression of deltaN-p63: a mechanism for the inactivation of p53 in undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)? Oncogene 2000; 19(30):3439–3444.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Landes Bioscience and Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nicholls, J., Niedobitek, G. (2013). Histopathological Diagnosis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Looking beyond the Blue Book. In: Busson, P. (eds) Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 778. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5947-7_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5947-7_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-5946-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-5947-7
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)