Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Prognostic Factors in B-Cell Lymphomas

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Part of the book series: Cancer Drug Discovery and Development ((CDD&D))

  • 1136 Accesses

Abstract

The development of staging systems, especially the modified Ann Arbor staging system and of the International Prognostic Index and its type-specific lymphoma variants (i.e. FLIPI and MLIPI.) represent important steps in the therapeutic decision and prognosis. The chapter is reviewing the impact of the staging system and of the IPI on various low- and high-grade B-cell lymphomas and also is integrating various prognostic factors identified and emerged from diverse areas that characterize these lymphomas, including histologic, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and molecular profiles; clinical presentation; and clinical course.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Carbone PP, Kaplan HS, Musshoff K, Smithers DW, Tubiana M (1971) Report of the committee on Hodgkin’s disease staging classification. Cancer Res 31:1860

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Lister TA, Crowther D, Sutcliffe SB, Glatstein E, Canellos GP, Young RC, Rosenberg SA, Coltman CA, Tubiana M (1989) Report of a committee convened to discuss the evaluation and staging of patients with Hodgkin’s disease: Cotswolds meeting. J Clin Oncol 7:1630–1636

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Shipp MA, Harrington DP, Anderson JR et al (1993) The international non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma prognostic factors project: a predictive model for aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. N Engl J Med 329:987–994

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Sehn LH, Berry B, Chhanabhai M, Fitzgerald C, Gill K, Hoskins P, Klasa R, Savage KJ, Shenkier T, Sutherland J, Gascoyne RD, Connors JM (2007) The revised International Prognostic Index (R-IPI) is a better predictor of outcome than the standard IPI for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP. Blood 109(5):1857–1861

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Solal-Céligny P, Roy P, Colombat P, White J, Armitage JO, Arranz-Saez R, Au WY, Bellei M, Brice P, Caballero D, Coiffier B, Conde-Garcia E, Doyen C, Federico M, Fisher RI, Garcia-Conde JF, Guglielmi C, Hagenbeek A, Haïoun C, LeBlanc M, Lister AT, Lopez-Guillermo A, McLaughlin P, Milpied N, Morel P, Mounier N, Proctor SJ, Rohatiner A, Smith P, Soubeyran P, Tilly H, Vitolo U, Zinzani PL, Zucca E, Montserrat E (2004) Follicular lymphoma international prognostic index. Blood 104(5):1258–1265

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Hoster E, Dreyling M, Klapper W, Gisselbrecht C, van Hoof A, Kluin-Nelemans HK, Pfreundschuh M, Reiser M, Metzner B, Einsele H, Peter N, Jung W, Wormann B, Ludwig WD, Duhrsen U, Eimermacher H, Wandt H, Hasford J, Hiddemann W, Unterhalt M, for the German Low Grade Lymphoma Study Group (GLSG) and the European Mantle Cell Lymphoma Network (2008) A new prognostic index (MIPI) for patients with advanced-stage mantle cell lymphoma. Blood 111:558–565

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Pileri SA, Stein H, Thiele J, Vardiman J (2008) WHO classification of tumors of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, 4th edn. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France

    Google Scholar 

  8. Le Gouill S, Lepretre S, Brière J, Morel P, Bouabdallah R, Raffoux E, Sebban C, Lepage E, Brice P (2003) Adult lymphoblastic lymphoma: a retrospective analysis of 92 patients under 61 years included in the LNH87/93 trials. Leukemia 17:2220–2224

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Morel P, Lepage E, Brice P, Dupriez B, D’Agay MF, Fenaux P, Gosselin P, Bauters F, Gisselbrecht C (1992) Prognosis and treatment of lymphoblastic lymphoma in adults: a report on 80 patients. J Clin Oncol 10:1078–1085

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Mazza P, Bertini M, Macchi S, Lauria F, Pileri S, Rivano MT, Baccarani M, Ricci P, Fiacchini M, Vitolo U, Canta M, Paolino W, Zinzani PL, Poletti G, Verlicchi F, Gherlinzoni F, Tura S (1986) Lymphoblastic lymphoma in adolescents and adults. Clinical, pathological and prognostic evaluation. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 22(12):1503–1510

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Ducassou S, Ferlay C, Bergeron C, Girard S, Laureys G, Pacquement H, Plantaz D, Lutz P, Vannier JP, Uyttebroeck A, Bertrand Y (2011) Clinical presentation, evolution, and prognosis of precursor B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma in trials LMT96, EORTC 58881, and EORTC 58951. Br J Haematol 152(4):441–451

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Reddy KS, Perkins SL (2004) Advances in the diagnostic approach to childhood lymphoblastic malignant neoplasms. Am J Clin Pathol 122(Suppl 1):S3–S18

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Møller MB, Gerdes AM, Skjødt K, Mortensen LS, Pedersen NT (1999) Disrupted p53 function as predictor of treatment failure and poor prognosis in B- and T-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 5:1085–1091

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Ichikawa A, Kinoshita T, Watanabe T, Kato H, Nagai H, Tsushita K, Saito H, Hotta T (1997) Mutations of the p53 gene as a prognostic factor in aggressive B-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med 337:529–534

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Montserrat E (2004) Assessing prognosis in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia a quarter of a century after Rai and Binet staging systems. Ann Oncol 15:1450–1451, Editorial

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Criel A, Verhoef G, Vlietinck R et al (1997) Further characterization of morphologically defined typical and atypical CLL: a clinical, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and prognostic study on 390 cases. Br J Haematol 97:383–391

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Matutes E, Oscier D, Garcia-Marco J et al (1996) Trisomy 12 defines a group of CLL with atypical morphology: correlation between cytogenetic, clinical, and laboratory features in 544 patients. Br J Haematol 92:382–388

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Frater JL, Hammel JP, Shapiro JL, Miller ML, Tubbs RR, Pettay J, His ED (2001) Typical and atypical chronic lymphocytic leukemia differ clinically and immunophenotypically. Am J Clin Pathol 116:655–664

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Geisler CH et al (1991) Prognostic importance of flow cytometric immunophenotyping of 540 consecutive patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 79:1795–1802

    Google Scholar 

  20. Damle RN, Wasil T, Fais F et al (1999) IgV gene mutation status and CD38 expression as novel prognostic indicators in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 94:1840–1847

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Del Poeta G, Maurillo L, Venditti A, Buccisano F, Epiceno AM, Capelli G, Tamburini A, Suppo G, Battaglia A, Del Principe MI, Del Moro B, Masi M, Amadori S (2001) Clinical significance of CD38 expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 98(9):2633–2639

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Ibrahim S, Keating M, Do KA, O’Brien S, Huh YO, Jilani I, Lerner S, Kantarjian HM, Albitar M (2001) CD38 expression as an important prognostic factor in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 98(1):181–186

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Hamblin TJ, Orchard JA, Ibbotson RE, Davis Z, Thomas PW, Stevenson FK et al (2002) CD38 expression and immunoglobulin variable region mutations are independent prognostic variables in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, but CD38 expression may vary during the course of the disease. Blood 99:1023–1029

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Wiestner A et al (2003) ZAP-70 expression identifies a chronic lymphocytic leukemia subtype with unmutated immunoglobulin genes, inferior clinical outcome, and distinct gene expression profile. Blood 101(12):4944–4951

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Rassenti LZ, Huynh L, Toy TL, Chen L, Keating MJ, Gribben JG, Neuberg DS, Flinn IW, Rai KR, Byrd JC, Kay NE, Greaves A, Weiss A, Kipps TJ (2004) ZAP-70 compared with immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene mutation status as a predictor of disease progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med 351(9):893–901

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Cordone I, Matutes E, Catovsky D (1992) Monoclonal antibody Ki-67 identified B and T cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: correlation with disease activity. Leukemia 6:902–906

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Wolowiec D, Wojtowicz M, Ciszak L, Kosmaczewska A, Frydecka I, Potoczek S, Urbaniak-Kujda D, Kapelko-Slowik K, Kuliczkowski K (2009) High intracellular content of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1) in early- and intermediate stage B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes predicts rapid progression of the disease. Eur J Haematol 82(4):260–266

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Vrhovac R, Delmer A, Tabg R, Marie JP, Zittoun R, Ajchenbaum-Cymbalista F (1998) Prognostic significance of the cell cycle inhibitor p27Kip1 in chronic B-cell lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 91:4694–4700

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Ito M, Iida S, Inagaki H, Tsuboi K, Komatsu H, Yamaguchi M, Nakamura N, Suzuki R, Seto M, Nakamura S, Morishima Y, Ueda R (2002) MUM1/IRF4 Expression is an unfavorable prognostic factor in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). Jpn J Cancer Res 93:685–694

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Leuenberger M, Frigerio S, Wild PJ, Noetzli F, Korol D, Zimmermann DR, Gengler C, Probst-Hensch NM, Moch H, Tinguely M (2010) AID protein expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma is associated with poor prognosis and complex genetic alterations. Mod Pathol 23:177–186

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Morrison W, Hoppe R, Weiss L et al (1989) Small lymphocytic lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 7:598–606

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Rai KR, Sawitsky A, Cronkite EP et al (1975) Clinical staging of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 46:219–234

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Rai KR (1987) A critical analysis of staging in CLL. In: Gale RP, Rai KR (eds) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: recent progress and future direction: 1987 UCLA symposia on molecular and cellular biology, vol 59, New series. Liss, New York, pp 253–264

    Google Scholar 

  34. Binet JL, Auquier A, Dighiero G et al (1981) A new prognostic classification of chronic lymphocytic leukemia derived from a multivariate survival analysis. Cancer 48:198–206

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Zent CS, Ding W, Schwager SM, Reinalda MS, Hoyer JD, Jelinek DF, Tschumper RC, Bowen DA, Call TG, Shanafelt TD, Kay NE, Slager SL (2008) The Prognostic significance of cytopenia in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL). Br J Haematol 141(5):615–621

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Galton DAG (1996) The pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Can Med Assoc J 94:1005–1010

    Google Scholar 

  37. Molica S, Alberti A (1987) Prognostic value of lymphocyte doubling time in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer 60:2712–2716

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Molica S, Reverter JC, Alberti A et al (1990) Timing of diagnosis and lymphocyte accumulation patterns in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: analysis of their clinical significance. Eur J Haematol 44:277–281

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Montserrat E, Sanchez BJ, Vinolas N et al (1986) Lymphocyte doubling time in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: analysis of its prognostic significance. Br J Haematol 62:567–575

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Sarfati M, Chevret S, Chastang C, Biron G, Stryckmans P, Delespesse G, Binet JL, Merle-Beral H, Bron D (1996) Prognostic importance of serum soluble CD23 level in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 88:4259–4263

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Molica S, Levato D, Cascavilla N et al (1999) Clinico-prognostic implications of simultaneous increased serum levels of soluble CD23 and beta2-microglobulin in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Eur J Haematol 62:117–122

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Hallek M, Wanders L, Ostwald M et al (1996) Serum beta(2)-microglobulin and serum thymidine kinase are independent predictors of progression-free survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and immunocytoma. Leuk Lymphoma 22:439–447

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Hallek M, Langenmayer I, Nerl C et al (1999) Elevated serum thymidine kinase levels identify a subgroup at high risk of disease progression in early, nonsmoldering chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 93:1732–1737

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Matthews C, Catherwood MA, Morris TC et al (2006) Serum TK levels in CLL identify Binet stage A patients within biologically defined prognostic subgroups most likely to undergo disease progression. Eur J Haematol 77:309–317

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Hamblin TJ, Davis Z, Gardiner A et al (1999) Unmutated IgV(H) genes are associated with a more aggressive form of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 94:1848–1854

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Thorselius M, Krober A, Murray F et al (2006) Strikingly homologous immunoglobulin gene rearrangements and poor outcome in VH3-21-using chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients independent of geographic origin and mutational status. Blood 107:2889–2894

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Dohner H, Stilgenbauer S, Benner A et al (2000) Genomic aberrations and survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med 343:1910–1916

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Mayr C, Speicher MR, Kofler DM et al (2006) Chromosomal translocations are associated with poor prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 107:742–751

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Oppezzo P, Vasconcelos Y, Settegrana C et al (2005) The LPL/ADAM29 expression ratio is a novel prognosis indicator in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 106(2):650–657

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Kotaskova J, Tichy B, Trbusek M, Francova HS, Kabathova J, Malcikova J, Doubek M, Brychtova Y, Mayer J, Pospisilova S (2010) High expression of lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells is associated with unmutated immunoglobulin variable heavy chain region (IGHV) gene and reduced treatment-free survival. J Mol Diagn 12(3):328–334

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Argatoff LH, Connors JM, Klasa RJ, Horsman DE, Gascoyne RD (1997) Mantle cell lymphoma: a clinicopathologic study of 80 cases. Blood 89(6):2067–2078

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Majlis A, Pugh WC, Rodriguez MA, Benedict WF, Cabanillas F (1997) Mantle cell lymphoma: correlation of clinical outcome and biologic features with three histologic variants. J Clin Oncol 15(4):1664–1671

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Carbone A, Santoro A (2011) How I treat: diagnosing and managing “in situ” lymphoma. Blood 117(15):3954–3960

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Duggan MJ, Weisenburger DD, Ye YL, Bast MA, Pierson JL, Armitage JO (1990) Mantle zone lymphoma. A clinicopathologic study of 22 cases. Cancer 66:522

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Jares P, Campo E (2008) Advances in the understanding of mantle cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol 142:149–165

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Ondrejka SL, Lai R, Kumar N, Smith SD, Hsi ED (2011) Indolent mantle cell leukemia: clinicopathologic variant characterized by isolated lymphocytosis, interstitial bone marrow involvement, kappa light chain restriction, and good prognosis. Haematologica. doi:10.3324/haematol.2010.036277

  57. Chen D, Viswanatha DS, Zent CS, Shanafelt TD, Call TG, Kay NE, Van Dyke DL, Ketterling RP, Witzig TE, Morice WG, Hanson CA (2009) Indolent mantle cell lymphoma: a distinct subgroup characterized by leukemic phase disease without lymphadenopathy. 51th ASH Annual Meeting and Exposition, New Orleans, LA, 5–8 Dec 2009

    Google Scholar 

  58. Mozos A, Royo C, Hartmann E, De Jong D, Baró C, Valera A, Fu K, Weisenburger DD, Delabie J, Chuang SS, Jaffe ES, Ruiz-Marcellan C, Dave S, Rimsza L, Braziel R, Gascoyne RD, Solé F, López-Guillermo A, Colomer D, Staudt LM, Rosenwald A, Ott G, Jares P, Campo S (2009) SOX11 expression is highly specific for mantle cell lymphoma and identifies the cyclin D1-negative subtype. Haematologica 94(11):1555–1562

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Katzenberger T, Petzoldt C, Höller S, Mäder U, Kalla J, Adam P, Ott MM, Müller-Hermelink HK, Rosenwald A, Ott G (2006) The Ki67 proliferation index is a quantitative indicator of clinical risk in mantle cell lymphoma. Blood 107(8):3407

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Hsi ED, Jung SH, Lai R, Johnson JL, Cook JR, Jones D, Devos S, Cheson BD, Damon LE, Said J (2008) Ki67 and PIM1 expression predict outcome in mantle cell lymphoma treated with high dose therapy, stem cell transplantation and rituximab: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B 59909 correlative science study. Leuk Lymphoma 11:2081–2090

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Yatabe Y, Suzuki R, Tobinai K, Matsuno Y, Ichinohasama R, Okamoto M, Yamaguchi M, Tamaru J, Uike N, Hashimoto Y, Morishima Y, Suchi T, Seto M, Nakamura S (2000) Significance of cyclin D1 overexpression for the diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma: a clinicopathologic comparison of cyclin D1-positive MCL and cyclin D1-negative MCL-like B-cell lymphoma. Blood 95(7):2253–2261

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Hernandez L, Fest T, Cazorla M, Teruya-Feldstein J, Bosch F, Peinado MA, Piris MA, Montserrat E, Cardesa A, Jaffe ES, Campo E, Raffeld M (1996) p53 gene mutations and protein overexpression are associated with aggressive variants of mantle cell lymphomas. Blood 87(8):3351–3359

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Espinet B, Salaverria I, Beà S, Ruiz-Xivillé N, Balagué O, Salido M, Costa D, Carreras J, Rodríguez-Vicente AE, Luís García J, Hernández-Rivas JM, Calasanz MJ, Siebert R, Ferrer A, Salar A, Carrió A, Polo N, García-Marco JA, Domingo A, González-Barca E, Romagosa V, Marugán I, López-Guillermo A, Millá F, Luís Mate J, Luño E, Sanzo C, Collado R, Oliver I, Monzó S, Palacín A, González T, Sant F, Salinas R, Ardanaz MT, Font L, Escoda L, Florensa L, Serrano S, Campo E, Solé F (2010) Incidence and prognostic impact of secondary cytogenetic aberrations in a series of 145 patients with mantle cell lymphoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 49(5):439–451

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Beà S, Ribas M, Hernández JM et al (1999) Increased number of chromosomal imbalances and high-level DNA amplifications in mantle cell lymphoma are associated with blastoid variants. Blood 93:4365–4374

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Ott G, Kalla J, Hanke A et al (1998) The cytomorphological spectrum of mantle cell lymphoma is reflected by distinct biological features. Leuk Lymphoma 32:55–63

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Halldórsdóttir AM, Sander B, Göransson H, Isaksson A, Kimby E, Mansouri M, Rosenquist R, Ehrencrona H (2011) High-resolution genomic screening in mantle cell lymphoma—specific changes correlate with genomic complexity, the proliferation signature and survival. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 50(2):113–121

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Dreyling M, Hiddemann W for The European MCL Network (2009) Current treatment standards and emerging strategies in mantle cell lymphoma. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 542–551. Review. Erratum in: Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2011:562

    Google Scholar 

  68. Mann RB, Berard CW (1983) Criteria for the cytologic classification of follicular lymphomas: a proposed alternative method. Hematol Oncol 1:187–192

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Martin AR, Weisenburg DD et al (1995) Prognostic value of cellular proliferation and histologic grade in follicular lymphoma. Blood 85(12):3671–3678

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Moskowitz CH (2005) Rituximab and poor-risk follicular lymphoma. Blood 105(4):1380

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Ott G, Katzenberger T, Lohr A, Kindelberger S, Rudiger T, Wilhelm M, Kalla J, Rosenwald A, Muller JS, Ott MM, Muller-Hermelink HK (2002) Cytomorphologic, immunohistochemical, and cytogenetic profiles of follicular lymphoma: 2 types of follicular lymphoma grade 3. Blood 99:3806–3812

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Hsi ED, Mirza I, Lozanski G, Hill J, Pohlman B, Karafa MT, Coupland R (2004) A clinicopathologic evaluation of follicular lymphoma grade 3A versus grade 3B reveals no survival differences. Arch Pathol Lab Med 128(8):863–868

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Naresh KN (2007) MUM1 expression dichotomizes follicular lymphoma into predominantly, MUM1-negative low-grade and MUM1-positive high-grade subtypes. Haematologica 92:267–268

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Lai R, Weiss LM, Chang KL, Arber DA (1999) Frequency of CD43 expression in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Am J Clin Pathol 111(4):488–494

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Broyde A, Boycov O, Strenov Y, Okon E, Shpilberg O, Bairey O (2009) Role and prognostic significance of the Ki-67 index in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Am J Hematol 84:338–343

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Wang SA, Wang L, Hochberg EP, Muzikansky A, Harris NL, Hasserjian RP (2005) Low histologic grade follicular lymphoma with high proliferation index: morphologic and clinical features. Am J Surg Pathol 29(11):1490–1496

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Pruneri G, Valentini S, Fabris S, Del Curto B, Laszlo D, Bertoloni F, Martinelli G, Leocata P, Viale G, Neri A (2004) Cyclin D3 immunoreactivity in follicular lymphoma is independent of the t(6;14)(p21.1;q32.3) translocation or Cyclin D3 gene amplification and is correlated with histologic grade and Ki-67 labeling. Int J Cancer 112:71–77

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Symmans WF, Katz RL, Ordoñez NG, Dalton H, Romaguera JE, Cabanillas F (1995) Transformation of follicular lymphoma. Expression of p53 and bcl-2 oncoprotein, apoptosis and cell proliferation. Acta Cytol 39(4):673–682

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Krishnadasan R, Bifulco C, Kim J, Rodo S, Zieske AW, Vanasse GJ (2006) Overexpression of SOCS3 is associated with decreased survival in a cohort of patients with de novo follicular lymphoma. Br J Haematol 135(1):72–75

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Federico M, Bellei M, Marcheselli L et al (2009) Follicular lymphoma international prognostic index 2: a new prognostic index for follicular lymphoma developed by the international follicular lymphoma prognostic factor project. J Clin Oncol 27:4555–4562

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Tilly BH, Rossi A, Stamatoullas A, Lenormand B, Bigorgne C, Kunlin A, Monconduit M, Bastard C (1994) Prognostic value of chromosomal abnormalities in follicular lymphoma. Blood 84(4):1043–1049

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Lossos IS, Alizadeh AA, Diehn M, Warnke R, Thorstenson Y, Oefner PJ, Brown PO, Botstein D, Levy R (2002) Transformation of follicular lymphoma to diffuse large-cell lymphoma: alternative patterns with increased or decreased expression of c-myc and its regulated genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99(13):8887–8891

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Dave SS, Wright G, Tan B et al (2004) Prediction of survival in follicular lymphoma based on molecular features of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. N Engl J Med 351:2159–2169

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Hart J, Lai R, Montoto S, Gribben JG, Lister TA, Carlotti JFE, Wrench D, Matthews J, Iqbal S, Davies A, Norton A (2009) Transformation of follicular lymphoma to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma may occur by divergent evolution from a common progenitor cell or by direct evolution from the follicular lymphoma clone. Blood 113:3553–3557

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Montoto S, Davies AJ, Matthews J, Calaminici M, Norton AJ, Amess J, Vinnicombe S, Waters R, Rohatiner AZS, Lister TA (2007) Risk and clinical implications of transformation of follicular lymphoma to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 25(17):2426–2433

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Thieblemont C (2005) Clinical presentation and management of marginal zone lymphomas. Hematology 1:307–313

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Pinotti G, Zucca E, Roggero E et al (1997) Clinical features, treatment and outcome in a series of 93 patients with low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 26:527–537

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Hoeve MA, Gisbertz IAM, Schouten HC, Schuuring E, Bot FG, Hermans J, Hopman A, Kluin PM, Arends J-W, van Krieken JHJM (1999) Gastric low-grade MALT lymphoma, high-grade MALT lymphoma and diffuse large B cell lymphoma show different frequencies of trisomy. Leukemia 13(5):799–807

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Thieblemont C, Bastion Y, Berger F et al (1997) Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue gastrointestinal and nongastrointestinal lymphoma behavior: analysis of 108 patients. J Clin Oncol 15:1624–1630

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Zuca E, Conconi A, Pedrinis E et al (2003) Nongastric marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Blood 101:2489–2495

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Nola M, Lukenda A, Bollmann M, Kalauz M, Petrovecki M, Bollmann R (2004) Outcome and prognostic factors in ocular adnexal lymphoma. Croat Med J 45(3):328–332

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Sagaert X, Laurent M, Baens M, Wlodarska I, De Wolf-Peeters C (2006) MALT1 and BCL10 aberrations in MALT lymphomas and their effect on the expression of BCL10 in the tumour cells. Mod Pathol 19:225–232

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Radaszkiewicz T, Dragosics B, Bauer P (1992) Gastrointestinal malignant lymphomas of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue: factors relevant to prognosis. Gastroenterology 102:1628–1638

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Montalban C, Castrillo J, Abraira V et al (1995) Gastric B-cell mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Clinicopathological study and evaluation of the prognostic factors in 143 patients. Ann Oncol 6:355–362

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Liu H, Ruskon-Fourmestraux A, Lavergne-Slove A et al (2001) Resistance of t(11;18) positive gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma to Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. Lancet 357:39–40

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Levy M, Copie-Bergman C, Gameiro C et al (2005) Prognostic value of translocation t(11;18) in tumoral response of low-grade gastric lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type to oral chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 23:5061–5066

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Remstein ED, Kurtin PJ, James CD, Wang XY, Meyer RG, Dewald GW (2002) Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas with t(11;18)(q21;q21) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas with aneuploidy develop along different pathogenetic pathways. Am J Pathol 161:63–71

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Kurtin PJ, Myers JL, Adlakha H, Strickler JG, Lohse C, Pankratz VS, Inwards DJ (2001) Pathologic and clinical features of primary pulmonary extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type. Am J Surg Pathol 25:997–1008

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Nathwani B, Anderson J, Armitage J et al (1999) Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma: a clinical comparison of nodal and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue types. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Classification Project. J Clin Oncol 17:2486–2492

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Berger F, Felman P, Thieblemont C et al (2000) Non-MALT marginal zone B-cell ­lymphomas: a description of clinical presentation and outcome in 124 patients. Blood 95:1950–1956

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Arcaini L, Paulli M, Burcheri S, Rossi A, Spina M, Passamonti F, Lucioni M, Motta T, Canzonieri V, Montanari M, Bonoldi E, Gallamini A, Uziel L, Crugnola M, Ramponi A, Montanari F, Pascutto C, Morra E, Lazzarino M (2007) Primary nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma: clinical features and prognostic assessment of a rare disease. Br J Haematol 136:301–304

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. A clinical evaluation of the International Lymphoma Study Group classification of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. By the Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Classification Project (1997) Blood 89:3909–3918

    Google Scholar 

  103. Taddesse-Heath L, Pittaluga S, Sorbara L, Bussey M, Raffeld M, Jaffe ES (2003) Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma in children and young adults. Am J Surg Pathol 27(4):522–531

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Rizzo KA, Streubel B, Pittaluga S, Chott A, Xi L, Raffeld M, Jaffe ES (2010) Marginal zone lymphomas in children and the young adult population; characterization of genetic aberrations by FISH and RT-PCR. Mod Pathol 23:866–873

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Arcaini L, Lazzarino M, Colombo N et al (2006) Splenic marginal zone lymphoma: a prognostic model for clinical use. Blood 107:4643–4649

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Algara P, Mateo MS, Sanchez-Beato M et al (2002) Analysis of the IgV(H) somatic mutations in splenic marginal zone lymphoma defines a group of unmutated cases with frequent 7q deletion and adverse clinical course. Blood 99:1299–1304

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Ruiz-Ballesteros E, Mollejo M, Rodriguez A et al (2005) Splenic marginal zone lymphoma: proposal of new diagnostic and prognostic markers identified after tissue and cDNA microarray analysis. Blood 106:1831–1838

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Bahler DW, Pindzola JA, Swerdlow SH (2002) Splenic marginal zone lymphomas appear to originate from different B cell types. Am J Pathol 161:81–88

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Chacòn JI, Mollejo M, Muñoz E (2002) Splenic marginal zone lymphoma: clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in a series of 60 patients. Blood 100(5):1648–1654

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Batanian JR, Dunphy CH, Richart JM, Petruska PJ, Perkins SL (2000) Simultaneous presence of t(2;8)(p12;q24) and t(14;18)(q32;q21) in a B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder with features suggestive of an aggressive variant of splenic marginal-zone lymphoma. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 120(2):136–140

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Hernández JM, García JL, Gutiérrez NC, Mollejo M, Martínez-Climent JA, Flores T, González MB, Piris MA, San Miguel JF (2001) Novel genomic imbalances in B-cell splenic marginal zone lymphomas revealed by comparative genomic hybridization and cytogenetics. Am J Pathol 158(5):1843–1850

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Traverse-Glehen A, Baseggio L, Callet-Bauchu E, Morel D, Gazzo S, Ffrench M, Verney A, Rolland D, Thieblemont C, Magaud J-P, Salles G, Coiffier B, Berger F, Felman P (2008) Splenic red pulp lymphoma with numerous basophilic villous lymphocytes: a distinct clinicopathologic and molecular entity? Blood 111(4):2253–2260

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Bartl R, Frisch B, Mahl G, Burkhardt R, Fateh-Moghadam A, Pappenberger R, Sommerfeld W, Hoffmann-Fezer G (1983) Bone marrow histology in Waldenström’s macroglobulinaemia. Clinical relevance of subtype recognition. Scand J Haematol 31(4):359–375

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Mansoor A, Medeiros LJ, Weber AR, Hayes K, Jones D, Lai R, Glassman A, Bueso-Ramos CE (2001) Cytogenetic findings in lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinemia chromosomal abnormalities are associated with the polymorphous subtype and an aggressive clinical course. Am J Clin Pathol 116:543–549

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Lin P, Mansoor A, Bueso-Ramos C, Hao S, Lai R, Medeiros LJ (2003) Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma occurring in patients with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Clinicopathologic features of 12 cases. Am J Clin Pathol 120:246–253

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Petit B, Chaury MP, Le Clorennec C, Jaccard A, Gachard N, Moalic-Judge S, Labrousse F, Cogné M, Bordessoule D, Feuillard J (2005) Indolent lymphoplasmacytic and marginal zone B-cell lymphomas: absence of both IRF4 and Ki67 expression identifies a better prognosis subgroup. Haematologica 90(2):200–206

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Morel P, Duhamel A, Gobbi P, Dimopoulos MA, Dhodapkar MV, McCoy J, Crowley J, Ocio EM, Garcia-Sanz R, Treon SP, Leblond V, Kyle RA, Barlogie B, Merlini G (2009) International prognostic scoring system for Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. Blood 113(18):4163–4170

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Hallek M, Wanders L, Ostwald M, Busch R, Senekowitsch R, Stern S, Schick HD, Kuhn-Hallek I, Emmerich B (1996) Serum beta(2)-microglobulin and serum thymidine kinase are independent predictors of progression-free survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and immunocytoma. Leuk Lymphoma 22(5–6):439–447

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Dimopoulos MA, Hamilos G, Zervas K et al (2003) Survival and prognostic factors after initiation of treatment in Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia. Ann Oncol 14:1299–1305

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Garcia-Sanz R, Montoto S, Torrequebrada A et al (2001) Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia: presenting features and outcome in a series with 217 cases. Br J Haematol 115:575–582

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Dhodapkar MV, Jacobson JL, Gertz MA, Crowley JJ, Barlogie B (2003) Prognostic factors and response to fludarabine therapy in Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia: an update of a US intergroup trial (SW0G S9003). Semin Oncol 30:220–225

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Chang H, Qi C, Trieu Y et al (2008) Prognostic relevance of 6q deletion in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, Stockholm, Sweden (abstract 1125)

    Google Scholar 

  123. Roccaro AM, Sacco A, Chen C, Runnels J, Leleu X, Azab F, Azab AK, Jia X, Ngo HT, Melhem MR, Burwick N, Varticovski L, Novina CD, Rollins BJ, Anderson KC, Ghobrial IM (2009) MicroRNA expression in the biology, prognosis, and therapy of Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Blood 113(18):4391–4402

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Wilson WH, Dunleavy K, Pittaluga S, Hegde U, Grant N, Steinberg SM, Raffeld M, Gutierrez M, Chabner BA, Staudt L, Jaffe ES, Janik JE (2008) Phase II study of dose-adjusted EPOCH-rituximab in untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with analysis of germinal center and post-germinal center biomarkers. J Clin Oncol 26(16):2717–2724

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Truman LA, Ogden CA, Howie SE, Gregory CD (2004) Macrophage chemotaxis to apoptotic Burkitt’s lymphoma cells in vitro: role of CD14 and CD36. Immunobiology 209(1–2):21–30

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Ogden CA, Pound JD, Batth BK, Owens S, Johannessen I, Wood K, Gregory CD (2005) Enhanced apoptotic cell clearance capacity and B cell survival factor production by IL-10-activated macrophages: implications for Burkitt’s lymphoma. J Immunol 74(5):3015–3023

    Google Scholar 

  127. Haralambieva E, Rosati S, van Noesel C et al (2004) Florid granulomatous reaction in Epstein-Barr virus-positive nonendemic Burkitt lymphomas: report of four cases. Am J Surg Pathol 28:379–383

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Schrager JA, Pittaluga S, Raffeld M et al (2005) Granulomatous reaction in Burkitt lymphoma: correlation with EBV positivity and clinical outcome. Am J Surg Pathol 29:1115–1116

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Janegová A, Janega P, Ilencíková D, Babál P (2011) Burkitt lymphoma with unusual granulomatous reaction. A case report. Cesk Patol 47(1):19–22

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Tumwine LK, Agostinelli C, Campidelli C, Othieno E, Wabinga H, Righi S, Falini B, Piccaluga PP, Byarugaba W, Pileri SA (2009) Immunohistochemical and other prognostic factors in B cell non Hodgkin lymphoma patients, Kampala, Uganda. BMC Clin Pathol 9:11

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Valnet-Rabier MB, Challier B, Thiebault S, Angonin R, Margueritte G, Mougin C, Kantelip B, Deconinck E, Cahn JY, Fest T (2005) c-Flip protein expression in Burkitt’s lymphomas is associated with a poor clinical outcome. Br J Haematol 128(6):767–773

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  132. Nomura Y, Yoshida S, Karube K, Takeshita M, Hirose S, Nakamura S, Yoshino T, Kikuchi M, Ohshima K (2008) Estimation of the relationship between caspase-3 expression and clinical outcome of Burkitt’s and Burkitt-like lymphoma. Cancer Sci 99(8):1564–1569

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  133. Kenkre VP, Stock W (2009) Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia: improving prognosis. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma 9(Suppl 3):S231–S238

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  134. Bower M, Gazzard B, Mandalia S et al (2005) A prognostic index for systemic AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Ann Intern Med 143:265–273

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  135. Kaplan LD, Abrams DI, Feigal E et al (1989) AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in San Francisco. JAMA 261:719–724

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  136. Levine AM, Sullivan-Halley J et al (1991) Human immunodeficiency virus-related ­lymphoma. Prognostic factors predictive of survival. Cancer 68:2466–2472

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  137. Kornblau SM, Goodacre A, Cabanillas F (1991) Chromosomal abnormalities in adult non-endemic Burkitt’s lymphoma and leukemia: 22 new reports and a review of 148 cases from the literature. Hematol Oncol 9(2):63–78

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  138. Kluin P, Schuuring E (2011) Molecular cytogenetics of lymphoma: where do we stand in 2010? Histopathology 58:128–144

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  139. Nelson M, Perkins SL, Dave BJ, Coccia PF, Bridge JA, Lyden ER, Heerema NA, Lones MA, Harrison L, Cairo MS, Sanger WG (2010) An increased frequency of 13q deletions detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization and its impact on survival in children and adolescents with Burkitt lymphoma: results from the Children’s Oncology Group study CCG-5961. Br J Haematol 148(4):600–610

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  140. Engelhard M, Brittinger G, Huhn D, Gerhartz HH, Meusers P, Siegert W, Thiel E, Wilmanns W, Aydemir U, Bierwolf S, Griesser H, Tiemann M, Lennert K (1997) Subclassification of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas according to the Kiel classification: distinction of centroblastic and immunoblastic lymphomas is a significant prognostic risk factor. Blood 89(7):2291–2297

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  141. De Paepe P, Achten R, Verhoef G, Wlodarska I, Stul M, Vanhentenrijk V, Praet M, De Wolf-Peeters C (2005) Large cleaved and immunoblastic lymphoma may represent two distinct clinicopathologic entities within the group of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. J Clin Oncol 23:7060–7068

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  142. Sehn LS, Scott DW, Chhanabhai M, BerryB RA, Berkahn L, Connors JM, Gascoyne RD (2010) Impact of concordant and discordant bone marrow involvement on outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP. J Clin Oncol 29(11):1452–1457

    Article  Google Scholar 

  143. Hans CP, Weisenburger DD, Greiner TC et al (2003) Confirmation of the molecular classification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray. Blood 103:275–282

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Natkunam Y, Farinha P, Hsi ED, Hans CP, Tibshirani R, Sehn LH, Connors JM, Gratzinger D, Rosado M, Zhao S, Pohlman B, Wongchaowart N, Bast M, Avigdor A, Schiby G, Nagler A, Byrne GE, Levy R, Gascoyne RD, Lossos IS (2008) LMO2 protein expression predicts survival in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy with and without rituximab. J Clin Oncol 26(3):447–454

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  145. Durnick DK, Law ME, Maurer MJ, Natkunam Y, Levy R, Lossos IS, Kurtin JP, McPhail ED (2010) Expression of LMO2 is associated with t(14;18)/IGH-BCL2 fusion but not BCL6 translocations in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Am J Clin Pathol 134:278–281

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  146. Yamaguchi M, Nakamura N, Suzuki R, Kagami Y, Okamoto M, Ichinohasama R, Yoshino T, Suzumiya J, Murase T, Miura I, Ohshima K, Nishikori M, Tamaru J, Taniwaki M, Hirano M, Morishima Y, Ueda R, Shiku H, Nakamura S (2008) De novo CD5+ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: results of a detailed clinicopathological review in 120 patients. Haematologica 93(8):1195–1202

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  147. Ennishi D, Takeuchi K, Yokoyama M, Asai H, Mishima Y, Terui Y, Takahashi S, Komatsu H, Ikeda K, Yamaguchi M, Suzuki R, Tanimoto M, Hatake K (2008) CD5 Expression is potentially predictive of poor outcome among biomarkers in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma receiving rituximab plus CHOP therapy. Ann Oncol 19(11):1921–1926

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  148. Iqbal J, Neppalli VT, Wright G, Dave BJ, Horsman DE, Rosenwald A, Lynch J, Hans CP, Weisenburger DD, Greiner TC, Gascoyne RD, Campo E, Ott G, Müller-Hermelink HK, Delabie J, Jaffe ES, Grogan TM, Connors JM, Vose JM, Armitage JO, Staudt LM, Chan WC (2006) BCL2 expression is a prognostic marker for the activated B-cell-like type of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 24(6):961–968

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  149. Laurent C, Do C, Gascoyne RD, Lamant L, Ysebaert L, Laurent G, Delsol G, Brousset P (2009) Anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a rare clinicopathologic entity with poor prognosis. J Clin Oncol 27(25):4211–4216

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  150. Beltran B, Winer ES, Castillo J (2010) ALK-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: an aggressive clinicopathological entity. Eur J Clin Med Oncol 2(1):1759–8966

    Google Scholar 

  151. Hans CP, Weisenburger DD, Greiner TC, Chan WC, Aoun P, Cochran GT, Pan Z, Smith LM, Lynch JC, Bociek RG, Bierman PJ, Vose JM, Armitage JO (2005) Expression of PKC-beta or cyclin D2 predicts for inferior survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Mod Pathol 18(10):1377–1384

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  152. Pileri SA, Dirnhofer S, Went P, Ascani S, Sabattini E, Marafioti T, Tzankov A, Leoncini L, Falini B, Zinzani PL (2002) Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: one or more entities? Present controversies and possible tools for its subclassification. Histopathology 41(6):482–509

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  153. Xiang XJ, He YJ (2006) Clinical significance of survivin and caspase-3 expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 28(4):298–301

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  154. Markovic O, Marisavljevic D, Cemerikic V, Perunicic M, Savic S, Filipovic B, Mihaljevic B (2011) Clinical and prognostic significance of apoptotic profile in patients with newly diagnosed nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Eur J Haematol 86(3):246–255

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  155. Ohsawa M, Ikura Y, Fukushima H, Shirai N, Sugama Y, Suekane T, Hirayama M, Hino M, Ueda M (2005) Immunohistochemical expression of multidrug resistance proteins as a predictor of poor response to chemotherapy and prognosis in patients with nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Oncology 68(4–6):422–431

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  156. Sánchez-Aguilera A, Sánchez-Beato M, García JF, Prieto I, Pollan M, Piris MA (2002) p14ARF nuclear overexpression in aggressive B-cell lymphomas is a sensor of malfunction of the common tumor suppressor pathways. Blood 99:1411–1418

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  157. Korać P, Dominis M (2008) Prognostic markers and gene abnormalities in subgroups of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: single center experience. Croat Med 49:618–624

    Article  Google Scholar 

  158. Barrans SL, Fenton JAL, Banham A, Owen RG, Jack AS (2004) Strong expression of FOXP1 identifies a distinct subset of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients with poor outcome. Blood 104:2933–2935

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  159. Veelken H, Dannheim SV, Schulte Moenting J, Martens UM, Finke J, Schmitt-Graeff A (2007) Immunophenotype as prognostic factor for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in patients undergoing clinical risk-adapted therapy. Ann Oncol 18:931–939

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  160. Lossos IS, Morgensztern D (2006) Prognostic biomarkers in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 24(6):995–1007

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  161. Castillo JJ, Beltran BE, Miranda RN, Paydas S, Winer ES, Butera JN (2011) Epstein-Barr virus—positive Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the elderly: what we know so far. Oncologist 16(1):87–96

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  162. Miller TP, Grogan TM, Dahlberg S, Spier CM, Braziel RM, Banks PM, Foucar K, Kjeldsberg CR, Levy N, Nathwani BN et al (1994) Prognostic significance of the Ki-67-associated proliferative antigen in aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas: a prospective Southwest Oncology Group trial. Blood 83(6):1460–1466

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  163. Yoon DH, Choi DR, Ahn HJ, Kim S, Lee DH, Kim SW, Park BH, Yoon SO, Huh J, Lee SW, Suh C (2010) Ki-67 expression as a prognostic factor in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with rituximab plus CHOP. Eur J Haematol 85(2):149–157

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  164. Meyer PN, Fu K, Greiner T, Smith L, Delabie J, Gascoyne R, Ott G, Rosenwald A, Braziel R, Campo E, Vose J, Lenz G, Staudt L, Chan W, Weisenburger DD (2011) The stromal cell marker SPARC predicts for survival in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with rituximab. Am J Clin Pathol 135(1):54–61

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  165. Alizadeh AA, Eisen MB, Davis RE, Ma C, Lossos IS, Rosenwald A, Boldrick JC, Sabet H, Tran T, Yu X, Powell JI, Yang L, Marti GE, Moore T, Hudson J Jr, Lu L, Lewis DB, Tibshirani R, Sherlock G, Chan WC, Greiner TC, Weisenburger DD, Armitage JO, Warnke R, Levy R, Wilson W, Grever MR, Byrd JC, Botstein D, Brown PO, Staudt LM (2000) Distinct types of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identified by gene expression profiling. Nature 403:503–511

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  166. Lossos IS, Jones CD, Warnke R, Natkunam Y, Kaizer H, Zehnder JL, Tibshirani R, Levy R (2001) Expression of a single gene, BCL-6, strongly predicts survival in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood 98(4):945–951

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  167. Chang CC, Chang Y, Cleveland RP, Perkins SP (2000) Expression of c-Myc and p53 correlates with clinical outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Hematopathology. Am J Clin Pathol 113:512–518

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  168. Savage KJ, Johnson NA, Ben-Neriah S, Connors JM, Sehn LH, Farinha P, Horsman DE, Gascoyne RD (2009) MYC gene rearrangements are associated with a poor prognosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with R-CHOP chemotherapy. Blood 114(17):3533–3537

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  169. Ramsay AD, Smith WJ, Isaacson PG (1988) T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma. Am J Surg Pathol 12:433–443

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  170. Achten R, Verhoef G, Vanuytsel L, de Wolf-Peeters C (2002) T-cell/histiocyte—rich large B-cell lymphoma: a distinct clinicopathologic entity. J Clin Oncol 20(5):1269–1277

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  171. Poppe B, De Paepe P, Michaux L, Dastugue N, Bastard C, Herens C, Moreau E, Cavazzini F, Yigit N, Van Limbergen H, De Paepe A, Praet M, De Wolf-Peeters C, Wlodarska I, Speleman F (2005) PAX5/IGH rearrangement is a recurrent finding in a subset of aggressive B-NHL with complex chromosomal rearrangements. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 44(2):218–223

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  172. Ferreri AJ, Blay JY, Reni M et al (2003) Prognostic scoring system for primary CNS lymphomas: the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group experience. J Clin Oncol 21:266–272

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  173. Corry J, Smith JG, Wirth A et al (1998) Primary central nervous system lymphoma: age and performance status are more important than treatment modality. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 41:615–620

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  174. Abrey L, Porat LB, Panageas KS, Yahalom J, Berkey B, Curran W, Schultz C, Leibel S, Nelson D, Mehta M, DeAngelis LM (2006) Primary central nervous system lymphoma: the memorial Sloan-Kettering cancer center prognostic model. J Clin Oncol 24(36):5711–5715

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  175. Hottinger AF, Iwamoto FM, Karimi S et al (2011) YKL-40 and MMP-9 as serum markers for patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma. Ann Neurol. doi:10.1002/ana.22360

  176. Hattab EM, Martin SE, Al-Khatib SM, Kupsky WJ, Vance GH, Stohler RA, Czader M, Al-Abbadi MA (2010) Most primary central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphomas occurring in immunocompetent individuals belong to the nongerminal center subtype: a retrospective analysis of 31 cases. Mod Pathol 23:235–243

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  177. Grange F, Barry MB, Courville P, Maubec E, Bagot M, Vergier B, Souteyrand P, Machet L, Dalac S, Esteve E, Templier I, Delaporte E, Avril MF, Robert C, Dalle S, Laroche L, Delaunay M, Joly P, Wechsler J, Petrella T (2007) Primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type. Clinicopathologic features and prognostic analysis in 60 cases. Arch Dermatol 143(9):1144–1150

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  178. Espinet B, García-Herrera A, Gallardo F, Baró C, Salgado R, Servitje O, Estrach T, Colomo L, Romagosa V, Barranco C, Serrano S, Campo E, Pujol RM, Solé F (2011) FOXP1 molecular cytogenetics and protein expression analyses in primary cutaneous large B cell lymphoma, leg-type. Histol Histopathol 26(2):213–221

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  179. Belaud-Rotureau MA, Marietta V, Vergier B, Mainhaguiet G, Turmo M, Idrissi Y, Ferrer J, Beylot-Barry M, Dubus P, Merlio JP (2008) Inactivation of p16INK4a/CDKN2A gene may be a diagnostic feature of large B cell lymphoma leg type among cutaneous B cell lymphomas. Virchows Arch 452(6):607–620

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  180. Dijkman R, Tensen CP, Jordanova ES, Knijnenburg J, Hoefnagel JJ, Mulder AA, Rosenberg C, Raap AK, Willemze R, Szuhai K, Vermeer MH (2006) Array-based comparative genomic hybridization analysis reveals recurrent chromosomal alterations and prognostic parameters in primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 24:296–305

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  181. Oyama T, Yamamoto K, Asano N, Oshiro A, Suzuki R, Kagami Y, Morishima Y, Takeuchi K, Izumo T, Mori S, Ohshima K, Suzumiya J, Nakamura N, Abe IK, Sato Y, Yoshino T, Naoe T, Shimoyama Y, Kamiya Y, Kinoshita T, Nakamura S (2007) Age-related EBV-associated B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders constitute a distinct clinicopathologic group: a study of 96 patients. Clin Cancer Res 13:5124

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  182. Gibson SE, Hsi ED (2009) Epstein-Barr virus-positive B-cell lymphoma of the elderly at a United States tertiary medical center: an uncommon aggressive lymphoma with a nongerminal center B-cell phenotype. Hum Pathol 40(5):653–661

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  183. Narimatsu H, Ota Y, Kami M, Takeuchi K, Suzuki R, Matsuo K, Matsumura T, Yuji K, Kishi Y, Hamaki T, Sawada U, Miyata S, Sasaki T, Tobinai K, Kawabata M, Atsuta Y, Ueda R, Nakamura S (2007) Clinicopathological features of pyothorax-associated lymphoma; a retrospective survey involving 98 patients. Ann Oncol 18(1):122–128

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  184. Nakatsuka S, Yao M, Hoshida Y, Yamamoto S, Iuchi K, Aozasa K (2002) Pyothorax-associated lymphoma: a review of 106 cases. J Clin Oncol 20(20):4255–4260

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  185. Takakuwa T, Ham MF, Luo WJ, Nakatsuka S, Daibata M, Aozasa K (2006) Loss of expression of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-2 correlates with a poor prognosis in cases of pyothorax-associated lymphoma. Int J Cancer 118(11):2782–2789

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  186. Abou-Elella AA, Weisenburger DD, Vose JM et al (1999) Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma: a clinicopathologic study of 43 patients from the Nebraska Lymphoma Study Group. J Clin Oncol 17:784–790

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  187. De Sanctis V, Finolezzi E, Osti MF, Grapulin L, Alfò M, Pescarmona E, Berardi F, Natalino F, Moleti ML, Di Rocco A, Enrici RM, Foà R, Martelli M (2008) MACOP-B and involved-field radiotherapy is an effective and safe therapy for primary mediastinal large B cell lymphoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 72(4):1154–1160

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  188. Savage KJ, Al-Rajhi N, Voss N et al (2006) Favorable outcome of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma in a single institution: the British Columbia experience. Ann Oncol 17:123–130

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  189. Lazzarino M, Orlandi E, Paulli M et al (1997) Treatment outcome and prognostic factors for primary mediastinal (thymic) B-cell lymphoma: a multicenter study of 106 patients. J Clin Oncol 15:1646–1653

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  190. Nakashima MO, Roy DB, Nagamine M, Roullet MR, Gabriel CA, Sood SL, Bagg A (2011) Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma: a mimicker of many maladies and a difficult and often delayed diagnosis. J Clin Oncol 29(6):e138–e140

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  191. Murase T, Yamaguchi M, Suzuki R, Okamoto M, Sato Y, Tamaru J, Kojima M, Miura I, Mori N, Yoshino T, Nakamura S (2007) Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL): a clinicopathologic study of 96 cases with special reference to the immunophenotypic heterogeneity of CD5. Blood 109(2):478–485

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  192. Ponzoni M, Ferreri AJ, Campo E, Facchetti F, Mazzucchelli L, Yoshino T et al (2007) Definition, diagnosis, and management of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma: proposals and perspectives from an international consensus meeting. J Clin Oncol 25:3168–3173

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  193. Gascoyne RD, Lamant L, Martin-Subero JI, Lestou VS, Harris NL, Müller-Hermelink HK, Seymour JF, Campbell LJ, Horsman DE, Auvigne I, Espinos E, Siebert R, Delsol G (2003) ALK-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is associated with Clathrin-ALK rearrangements: report of 6 cases. Blood 102(7):2568–2573

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  194. Reichard KK, McKenna RW, Kroft SH (2007) ALK-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: report of four cases and review of the literature. Mod Pathol 20:310–319

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  195. Delsol G, Lamant L, Mariame B et al (1997) A new subtype of large B-cell lymphoma expressing the ALK kinase and lacking the 2;5 translocation. Blood 89:1483–1490

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  196. Onciu M, Behm FG, Downing JR et al (2003) ALK-positive plasmablastic B-cell lymphoma with expression of the NPM-ALK fusion transcript: report of two cases. Blood 102:2642–2644

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  197. Dupin N, Diss TL, Kellam P, Tulliez M, Du MQ, Sicard D, Weiss RA, Isaacson PG, Boshoff C (2000) HHV-8 is associated with a plasmablastic variant of Castleman disease that is linked to HHV-8-positive plasmablastic lymphoma. Blood 95(4):1406–1412

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  198. Carbone A, Gloghini A, Aiello A, Testi A, Cabras A (2010) B-cell lymphomas with features intermediate between distinct pathologic entities. From pathogenesis to pathology. Hum Pathol 41(5):621–631

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  199. Savage KJ, Ben-neriah S, Connors JM, Horsman D, Gascoyne RD (2008) The prognostic significance of a MYC gene rearrangement in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Ann Oncol 19(Suppl 4):186

    Google Scholar 

  200. Aukema SM, Siebert R, Schuuring E, Imhoff GW, Kluin-Nelemans HC, Boerma EJ, Kluin PM (2011) Double-hit B-cell lymphomas. Blood 117(8):2319–2331

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  201. de Jong D (2009) Novel lymphoid neoplasms—the borderland between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt’s lymphoma. Haematologica 94(7):894–896

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  202. Tomita N, Tokunaka M, Nakamura N, Takeuchi K, Koike J, Motomura S et al (2009) Clinicopathological features of lymphoma/leukemia patients carrying both BCL2 and MYC translocations. Haematologica 94:935–943

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  203. Niitsu N, Okamoto M, Miura I, Hirano M (2009) Clinical significance of 8q24/c-MYC translocation in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Cancer Sci 100:233–237

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA

    Diana O. Treaba M.D. (Assistant Professor of Pathology)

  2. Lifespan Hematopathology Laboratory, Rhode Island Hospital, APC11, #1142, Providence, RI, 02903, USA

    Diana O. Treaba M.D. (Director)

Authors
  1. Diana O. Treaba M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Diana O. Treaba M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Diana O. Treaba M.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Div. Hematology & Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Eddy St. 593, Providence, 02903, Rhode Island, USA

    Peter J. Quesenberry

  2. , Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Miriam Hospital, Summit Ave 164, Providence, 02906, Rhode Island, USA

    Jorge J. Castillo

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Treaba, D.O., Treaba, D.O. (2013). Prognostic Factors in B-Cell Lymphomas. In: Quesenberry, P., Castillo, J. (eds) Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Cancer Drug Discovery and Development. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5851-7_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5851-7_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-5850-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-5851-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation