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New Developments in Retinal Cell Transplantation and the Impact of Stem Cells

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Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine in Ophthalmology

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

Abstract

Retinal cell transplantation, especially transplantation of retinal epithelium, could provide a method to cure age-related macular degeneration but major hurdles have hampered its advance, such as rejection and surgical technique. The possibility to use autologous fibroblasts from the potential transplant recipient to convert these fibroblasts into pluri-potential cells in culture and then to transform them into retinal epithelium, including checks on their appropriate gene expression offers the possibility of eliminating the hurdle of host graft rejection. A new surgical technique that sections the neural retina for 180° at the temporal ora serrata and folds it nasally to expose the macula and its degenerate epithelial layer can improve the delicate microsurgery. It eliminates jet stream trauma that produces a hole in the equatorial retina and the poor visibility of the epithelium seen through a detached, opaque neural retina. It allows the surgeon to use both hands in removing degenerate epithelium and replacing it with a patch of pristine epithelium. The neural retina can then be folded back to its original location and laser secured at the ora serrata. Transplantation of photoreceptors has greater hurdles, the major one being a guarantee of sufficient synaptic connectivity of transplanted cones to host cone bipolars.

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  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, 160 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY, USA

    Peter Gouras

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  1. Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, 160 Fort Washington Avenue, Room 513, New York, 10032, New York, USA

    Stephen H. Tsang

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Gouras, P. (2013). New Developments in Retinal Cell Transplantation and the Impact of Stem Cells. In: Tsang, S. (eds) Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine in Ophthalmology. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5493-9_8

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