Abstract
Diabetes is considered to be a genetically and environmentally based chronic metabolic and vascular syndrome caused by a partial or total insulin deficiency with alteration in the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins culminating with different manifestations in different organisms. In humans hyperglycemia is the main consequence of defects in the secretion and/or action of insulin, and its deregulation can produce secondary lesions in various organs, especially kidneys, eyes, nerves, blood vessels and immune systems.
Periodontal disease is an entity of localized infection that involves tooth-supporting tissues. The first clinical manifestation of periodontal disease is the appearance of periodontal pockets, which offer a favorable niche for bacterial colonization. The etiology of periodontal disease is multifactorial, being caused by interactions between multiple micro-organisms (necessary but not sufficient primary etiologic factors), a host with some degree of susceptibility and environmental factors. According to current scientific evidence, there is a symbiotic relationship between diabetes and periodontitis, such that diabetes is associated with an increased incidence and progression of periodontitis, and periodontal infection is associated with poor glycaemic control in diabetes due to poor immune systems. Hence, for a good periodontal control it is necessary to treat both periodontal disease and glycaemic control.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aldridge JP, Lester V, Watts TL et al. Single-blind studies of the effects of improved periodontal health on metabolic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Periodontol 1995; 22(4):271–275.
American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2006; 29(l):43–48.
Lalla E, Lamster IB, Drury S et al. Hyperglycemia, glycoxidation and receptor for advanced glycation end products: potential mechanisms underlying diabetic complications, including diabetes-associated periodontitis. Periodontol 2000; 23:50–62.
Mealey BL. Diabetes and periodontal disease: two sides of a coin. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2000; 21:943–946, 948, 950, passim; quiz 956.
van der Velden U. Purpose and problems of periodontal disease classification. Periodontol 2000:39:13–21.
Mealey BL, Oates TW. Diabetes mellitus and periodontal diseases. J Periodontol 2006;77:1289–1303.
Grossi SG, Genco RJ. Periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus: a two-way relationship. Ann Periodontol 1998; 3:51–61.
Soskolne WA, Klinger A. The relationship between periodontal diseases and diabetes: an overview. Ann Periodontol 2001; 6:91–98.
Rose LF, Kaye D. Medicina Interna en Odontologia, Vol III, laed. Barcelona: Salvat Editores, 1992.
Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2002; 25(Suppl l):S5–20.
Bascones A, Matesanz P, EscribanoM et al. Periodontal disease and diabetes-review of the Literature. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2011 Jan 3; in press.
Solskone W. Epidemiological and clinical aspects of periodontal diseases in diabetics. Ann Periodontol 1998:3:3–12.
Socransky SS, Haffajee AD. The bacterial etiology of destructive periodontal disease: current concepts. J Periodontol l992; 63:322–331.
Liljenberg B, Lindhe J, Berglundh T et al. Some microbiological, histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of progressiveperiodontal disease. J clin Periodontol 1994;21:720–727.
Offenbacher S. Periodontal diseases: pathogenesis. Ann Periodontol 1996; 1:821–878.
Navarro AB, Faria R, Bascones A. Relation entre diabetes mellitus y enfermedad periodontal. Av Periodoncia Implantol Oral 2002; 14l:9–19.
Sanz I, Bascones A. Otras enfermedades periodontales: I: Periodontitis como manifestacion de enfermedades sistemicas. Av Periodoncia Implantol Oral 2008; 20(l):59–66.
Taylor GW. Bidirectional interrelationships between diabetes and periodontal diseases: an epidemiological perspective. Ann Periodontol 2001; 6:99–112.
Perez L, Bascones A. Revision de la periodontitis Cronica: Evolution y su aplicacion clinica. Av Periodoncia Implantol Oral 2008; 20(l):27–37.
Baelum V, Lopez R. Denning and classifying periodontitis: need for a paradigm shift? Eur J Oral Sci 2003; 111:2–6.
Escudero-Castafio N, Perea-Garcia MA, Bascones-Martinez A. Otras enfermedades periodontales. I: Periodontitis como manifestacion de enfermedades sistemicas. Av Periodoncia Implantol Oral 2008; 20(l):59–66.
Seppala B, Ainamo J. A site-by-site follow-up study on the effect of controlled versus poorly controlled insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Periodontol 1994; 21(3):161–165.
Grossi SG, Skrepcinski FB, DeCaro T et al. Treatment of periodontal disease in diabetics reduces glycated hemoglobin. J Periodontol 1997; 68(8):713–719.
Christgau M, Palitzsch KD, Schmalz G et al. Healing response to nonsurgical periodontal therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus: clinical, microbiological and immunologic results. J clin Periodontol 1998; 25(2): 112–124.
Rodrigues DC, Taba MJ, Novaes AB et al. Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Periodontol 2003; 74(9): 1361–1367.
Faria-Almeida R, Navarro A, Bascones A. Clinical and metabolic changes after conventional treatment of type 2 diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2006; 77(4):591–598.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Landes Bioscience and Springer Science+Business Media
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bascones-Martínez, A., Arias-Herrera, S., Criado-Cámara, E., Bascones-Ilundáin, J., Bascones-Ilundáin, C. (2013). Periodontal Disease and Diabetes. In: Ahmad, S.I. (eds) Diabetes. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 771. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5441-0_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5441-0_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-5440-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-5441-0
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)