Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are already widely applied in general lighting applications. For almost all lamps and luminaires based on conventional technologies, an LED equivalent has been developed and put on the market. The application space of LEDs ranges from small systems, using a few watts of power to systems that generate more than 10,000 lumens and dissipate more than 200 W of power. Over this wide application area, many different system architectures are used and many different thermal solutions are applied. This chapter focuses on the application of LEDs; it is split-up in sections that cover different application areas. First, it describes the application of LEDs in lamps. These retrofit LED lamps have a prescribed form factor and replace existing lamps, based on conventional technologies (incandescent, halogen, or compact fluorescent). Next, the application of LEDs in new systems is described for several application fields. Finally, LEDs in some special applications are discussed. These applications have special requirements that need more advanced thermal solutions. This chapter concludes with a section on remaining challenges.
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Notes
- 1.
Luminous flux is an important photometric quantity used to characterize a light source. Each radiometric quantity has a photometric counterpart. The subscript V is used to distinguish the photometric quantities from their radiometric counterparts. See further details in Chap. 5.
- 2.
According to IES RP-16-10 “Nomenclature and Definitions for Illuminating Engineering” this quantity denoted by LE here is officially known as “luminous efficacy of radiant flux”. CIE S017/E:2011 “ILV: International Lighting Vocabulary” defines the same quantity under the name “luminous efficacy (of radiation)”.
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Treurniet, T. (2014). Thermal Management of Sophisticated LED Solutions. In: Lasance, C., Poppe, A. (eds) Thermal Management for LED Applications. Solid State Lighting Technology and Application Series, vol 2. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5091-7_12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5091-7_12
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