Abstract
About 20–30 % of individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have symptom onset before 30 years of age and have lifelong disease. Ten to fifteen percent of all IBD patients have an established diagnosis under the age of 18 years. Young children (i.e., under 6 years of age) with IBD represent a unique cohort of patients that is recognized as a valuable group of patients to investigate due to their relative lack of environmental exposures compared with older patients. However, information is sparse regarding the presentation and course of disease in this subset of patients. We therefore present information on both early onset (0–5 years) and later onset (6–18 years) pediatric IBD.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Olafsdottir EJ, Fluge G, Haug K. Chronic inflammatory bowel disease in children in western Norway. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1989;8(4):454–8.
Langholz E, Munkholm P, Krasilnikoff PA, Binder V. Inflammatory bowel diseases with onset in childhood. Clinical features, morbidity, and mortality in a regional cohort. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1997;32(2):139–47.
Sawczenko A, Sandhu BK, Logan RF, et al. Prospective survey of childhood inflammatory bowel disease in the British Isles. Lancet. 2001;357(9262):1093–4.
Lindberg E, Lindquist B, Holmquist L, Hildebrand H. Inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents in Sweden, 1984-1995. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2000;30(3):259–64.
Lehtinen P, Ashorn M, Iltanen S, Jauhola R, Jauhonen P, Kolho K, Auvinen A. Incidence trends of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Finland, 1987-2003, a Nationwide Study. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2010;17(8):1778–83.
Kugathasan S, Judd RH, Hoffmann RG, et al. Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of children with newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease in Wisconsin: a statewide population-based study. J Pediatr. 2003;143(4):525–31.
Paul T, Birnbaum A, Pal D, Pittman N, Ceballos C, LeLeiko N, Benkov K. Distinct phenotype of early childhood inflammatory bowel disease. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2006;40:583–6.
Heyman MB, Kirschner BS, Gold BD, et al. Children with early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): analysis of a pediatric IBD consortium registry. J Pediatr. 2005;146(1):35–40.
Braegger CP, Ballabeni P, Rogler D, Vavricka SR, Friedt M. Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: is there a shift towards onset at a younger age? J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011;53(2):141–4.
Gupta N, Bostrom AG, Kirschner BS, et al. Presentation and disease course in early—compared to later-onset pediatric Crohn’s disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103:2092–8.
Markowitz J, Kugathasan S, Dubinksy M, et al. Age of diagnosis influences serologic responses in children with Crohn’s disease: a possible clue to etiology. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2009;15(5):714–9.
Gryboski JD. Crohn disease in children 10 years old and younger: comparison with ulcerative colitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1994;18(2):174–82.
Shaoul R, Karban A, Reif S, et al. Disease behavior in children with Crohn’s disease: the effect of disease duration, ethnicity, genotype, and phenotype. Dig Dis Sci. 2009;54:142–50.
Sawczenko A, Sandhu BK. Presenting features of inflammatory bowel disease in Great Britain and Ireland. Arch Dis Child. 2003;88(11):995–1000.
Mamula P, Telega GW, Markowitz JE, et al. Inflammatory bowel disease in children 5 years of age and younger. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97(8):2005–10.
Amre DK, Lu SE, Costea F, Seidman EG. Utility of serological markers in predicting the early occurrence of complications and surgery in pediatric Crohn disease patients. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101(3):645–52.
Bland RM, Evans TJ, Raine P, Weaver LT. Inflammatory bowel disease in Scottish children. Health Bull (Edinb). 1999;57(6):365–73.
Stephens M, Batres LA, Ng D, Baldassano R. Growth failure in the child with inflammatory bowel disease. Semin Gastrointest Dis. 2001;12(4):253–62.
Griffiths AM. Specificities of inflammatory bowel disease in childhood. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2004;18(3):509–23.
Sawczenko A, Ballinger AB, Savage MO, Sanderson IR. Clinical features affecting final adult height in patients with pediatric-onset Crohn disease. Pediatrics. 2006;118(1):124–9.
Sawczenko A, Ballinger AB, Croft NM, Sanderson IR, Savage MO. Adult height in patients with early onset of Crohn disease. Gut. 2003;52(3):454–5; author reply 5.
Calenda KA, Schornagel IL, Sadeghi-Nejad A, Grand RJ. Effect of recombinant growth hormone treatment on children with Crohn disease and short stature: a pilot study. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2005;11(5):435–41.
Cezard JP, Touati G, Alberti C, Hugot JP, Brinon C, Czernichow P. Growth in paediatric Crohn disease. Horm Res. 2002;58 Suppl 1:11–5.
Newby EA, Sawczenko A, Thomas AG, Wilson D. Interventions for growth failure in childhood Crohn disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005(3):CD003873.
Brain CE, Savage MO. Growth and puberty in chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol. 1994;8(1):83–100.
Griffiths AM, Nguyen P, Smith C, et al. Growth and clinical course of children with Crohn’s disease. Gut. 1993;34:939–43.
Wine E, Reif S, Leshinsky-Silver E, et al. Pediatric Crohn’s disease and growth retardation: the role of genotype, phenotype, and disease severity. Pediatrics. 2004;114:1281–6.
Motil KJ, Grand RJ, Davis-Kraft L, et al. Growth failure in children with inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective study. Gastroenterology. 1993;105:681–91.
Gupta N, Cohen SA, Bostrom AG, et al. Risk factors for initial surgery in pediatric patients with Crohn disease. Gastroenterology. 2006;130(4):1069–77.
Gupta N, Bostrom AG, Kirschner BS, et al. Gender differences in presentation and course of disease in pediatric patients with Crohn’s disease. Pediatrics. 2007;120:e1418–1425.
Sentongo TA, Semeao EJ, Piccoli DA, et al. Growth, body composition, and nutritional status in children and adolescents with Crohn’s disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2000;31:33–40.
Vasseur F, Gower-Rousseau C, Vernier-Massouille G, et al. Nutritional status and growth in pediatric Crohn’s disease: a population-based study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105:1893–900.
Pigneur B, Seksik P, Viola S, et al. Natural history of Crohn’s disease: comparison between childhood- and adult- onset disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2010;16:953–61.
Mason A, Malik S, Russell RK, et al. Impact of inflammatory bowel disease on pubertal growth. Horm Res Paediatr. 2011;76:293–9.
Gupta N, Lustig RH, Kohn MA, et al. Sex differences in statural growth impairment in Crohn’s disease: role of IGF-1. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011;17:2318–25.
Glocker E, Kotlarz D, Boztug K, Gertz EM, Schaeffer A. Inflammatory bowel disease and mutations affecting the interleukin-10 receptor. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(21):2033–45.
Leung Y, Heyman MB, Mahadevan U. Transitioning the adolescent inflammatory bowel disease patient: guidelines for the adult and pediatric gastroenterologist. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2010;17(10): 2169–73.
Vernier-Massouille G, Balde M, Salleron J, et al. Natural history of pediatric Crohn’s disease: a population-based cohort study. Gastroenterology. 2008;135:1106–13.
El B, Guttmann A, Toe T, et al. Changes to surgical and hospitalization rates of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Ontario, Canada (1994-2007). Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011;17: 2153–61.
Schaefer ME, Machan JT, Kawatu D, et al. Factors that determine risk for surgery in pediatric patients with Crohn’s disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;8:789–94.
Fonkalsrud EW. Long-term results after colectomy and ileoanal pull-through procedure in children. Arch Surg. 1996;131(8):881–5; discussion 5-6.
Stordal K, Jahnsen J, Bentsen BS, Moum B. Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in southeastern Norway: a five-year follow-up study. Digestion. 2004;70(4):226–30.
Michener WM, Farmer RG, Mortimer EA. Long-term prognosis of ulcerative colitis with onset in childhood or adolescence. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1979;1(4):301–5.
Hyams JS, Davis P, Grancher K, Lerer T, Justinich CJ, Markowitz J. Clinical outcome of ulcerative colitis in children. J Pediatr. 1996;129(1):81–8.
Falcone Jr RA, Lewis LG, Warner BW. Predicting the need for colectomy in pediatric patients with ulcerative colitis. J Gastrointest Surg. 2000;4(2):201–6.
Faubion WA, Loftus EV, Sandborn WJ, Freese DK, Perrault J. Pediatric “PSC-IBD”: a descriptive report of associated inflammatory bowel disease among pediatric patients with PSC. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2001;33(3):296–300.
Acknowledgement
Supported in part by NIH Grants K24-DK060617 (MBH) and 5K23DK077734 (NG)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Heyman, M.B., Gupta, N. (2013). Early Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease. In: Mamula, P., Markowitz, J., Baldassano, R. (eds) Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5061-0_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5061-0_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-5060-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-5061-0
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)