Abstract
Interactions of integrins with ligands mediate cell adhesion in mechanical environments. Their association kinetics can be regulated biochemically by inducing integrin extension and/or opening its headpiece, which enhances on-rate. Their dissociation kinetics can be regulated mechanically by externally applied force. Increasing force prolongs integrin/ligand bond lifetimes, giving rise to counterintuitive catch bonds. Beyond an optimal level, further increase in force shortens bond lifetimes, yielding ordinary slip bonds. Structurally, catch bonds between αLβ2 integrin and its physiological ligand intercellular adhesion molecule 1 can be explained by a force-induced allosteric mechanism that involves the downward movement of the α7-helix of the αA domain but does not require the integrin ectodomain to assume a bent or extended conformation with the hybrid domain in closed or swing-out position.
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Acknowledgments
We thank the coauthors of our original papers, the results of which are summarized here, especially Fang Kong and Jizhong Lou. This work was supported by NIH grant R01AI044902.
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Zhu, C., Chen, W. (2012). Catch Bonds of Integrin/Ligand Interactions. In: Oberhauser, A. (eds) Single-molecule Studies of Proteins. Biophysics for the Life Sciences, vol 2. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4921-8_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4921-8_3
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