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Adaptive Plasticity of Salt-Stressed Root Systems

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Ecophysiology and Responses of Plants under Salt Stress

Abstract

Salinity can cause several challenges for plants, including water stress, mal-nutrition and accumulation of excess ions to potentially toxic levels. While salt exclusion, compartmentation and osmoregulation are the mechanisms particularly considered to increase the salt tolerance of plants, tolerance is determined by the integrating effects of several mechanisms at the cell, tissue and organ level.

Because roots are in direct contact with the soil solution, they are first to encounter excess salinity and are potentially the first sites of damage or “line of defence”. However, despite the likelihood that differences among root systems may (partially) underlie distinct salt tolerances, information on the phenotypical and physiological plasticity of root systems under salt stress is scant compared to aboveground organs.

This chapter reviews modifications among root size and architecture, morphological and anatomical root traits and root physiology under salinity. Furthermore, root elongation, halotropism and carbon metabolism of roots under salinity are addressed. The review explores the question of whether changes among roots are caused by ion toxicity or whether they could be an active response of plants, which may be of potential adaptive significance. A short overview of the chemical and physical properties of saline soils is given.

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Acknowledgements

B.R. acknowledges partial support by a postdoctoral fellowship awarded by the Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation (BCSC), Israel.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190, Vienna, Austria

    Boris Rewald

  2. French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel

    Oren Shelef, Jhonathan E. Ephrath & Shimon Rachmilevitch

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  1. Boris Rewald
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  2. Oren Shelef
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  3. Jhonathan E. Ephrath
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  4. Shimon Rachmilevitch
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Correspondence to Boris Rewald .

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  1. A.S. College, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190008, India

    Parvaiz Ahmad

  2. , Department of Botany, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt

    M.M. Azooz

  3. , Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hydrabad, n/a, Hydrabad, 500046, India

    M.N.V. Prasad

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Rewald, B., Shelef, O., Ephrath, J.E., Rachmilevitch, S. (2013). Adaptive Plasticity of Salt-Stressed Root Systems. In: Ahmad, P., Azooz, M., Prasad, M. (eds) Ecophysiology and Responses of Plants under Salt Stress. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4747-4_6

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