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Halotolerance in Lichens: Symbiotic Coalition Against Salt Stress

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Ecophysiology and Responses of Plants under Salt Stress

Abstract

Lichens are among the most conspicuous and ubiquitous symbiosis on this planet. They are highly adapted to terrestrial habitats of all climatic zones including the most hostile environments on Earth, such as high altitudes in the Himalayas or the cold deserts of Antarctica. Among the extreme habitats are the littoral (or intertidal) zones of coasts. In this chapter, we present an overview of the current knowledge about the halotolerance mechanisms in lichens. Halotolerant organisms generally accumulate osmotically active solutes to cope with increasing external salinity. In intertidal lichens, mannitol could play an important role in osmoregulation. Epilichenic bacterial colonies may be also involved in limiting lichen nutrient imbalance by producing osmoprotective compounds and storing high ionic concentrations. In addition, the comparison with related inland species suggests that morphological adaptations could also be involved in adaptation to increased salt levels. Maritime species often have strongly conglutinated hyphae and small or no intercellular spaces in their thalli. So far, little genetic information exists about the genes involved in halotolerance and their regulation. Comparison of forthcoming genomic information from lichen fungi with those of other halotolerant fungi will soon help to change the picture and reveal genetic adaptations to saline environments.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Université de Rennes 1, the Université Européenne de Bretagne, the Ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche, the Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Rennes and the UMR CNRS 6226 SCR. The authors sincerely thank Dr. Frédéric Barrière and Dr. Marie-Laurence Abasq-Paofai for technical support, Dr. Françoise Lohézic-Le Dévéhat and Friardi Ismed for providing SEM photography, and Dr. Béatrice Legouin-Gargadennec for valuable discussions.

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  1. Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Mycology – UMR CNRS 6226 ISCR PNSCM, University of Rennes 1 (European University of Brittany), 35043, Rennes, France

    David Delmail, Delphine Parrot, Joël Boustie & Sophie Tomasi

  2. Institute of Plant Sciences, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria

    Martin Grube

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Limoges (School of Medicine), 87025, Limoges, France

    Jeanne Cook-Moreau

  4. Laboratory of Botany and Cryptogamy – GRESE EA 4330, University of Limoges (Faculty of Pharmacy), 87025, Limoges, France

    Pascal Labrousse

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Correspondence to David Delmail .

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  1. A.S. College, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190008, India

    Parvaiz Ahmad

  2. , Department of Botany, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt

    M.M. Azooz

  3. , Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hydrabad, n/a, Hydrabad, 500046, India

    M.N.V. Prasad

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Delmail, D. et al. (2013). Halotolerance in Lichens: Symbiotic Coalition Against Salt Stress. In: Ahmad, P., Azooz, M., Prasad, M. (eds) Ecophysiology and Responses of Plants under Salt Stress. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4747-4_4

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