Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cinnamon

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Antioxidant Properties of Spices, Herbs and Other Sources

Abstract

Cinnamon is a tropical medium-sized, bushy evergreen tree with strong antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity correlated well with the phenolic compounds in the bark essential oil. This chapter describes the botany, history, producing regions, flavor and aroma, parts used, and active constituents. The chapter also highlights the uses of cinnamon in different recipes around the world. It is the essential spice in the Indian curries, pickles, garam masala, teas, and biryanis. Cinnamon has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antitumor, cardiovascular, cholesterol-lowering, immunomodulatory, larvicidal, and antioxidant properties. Finally the medicinal uses, functional properties, and antioxidant properties of cinnamon are discussed in great detail.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adisakwattana S, Lerdsuwankij O, Poputtachai U, Minipun A, Suparpprom C (2011) Inhibitory activity of cinnamon bark species and their combination effect with acarbose against intestinal α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 66:143–148

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aggarwal BB (2010) Targeting inflammation-induced obesity and metabolic diseases by curcumin and other nutraceuticals. Annu Rev Nutr 30:173–199

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amalaradjou MA, Venkitanarayanan K (2011a) Proteomic analysis of the mode of antibacterial action of trans-cinnamaldehyde against Cronobacter sakazakii 415. Foodborne Pathog Dis 8(10):1095–1102

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amalaradjou MA, Venkitanarayanan K (2011b) Effect of trans-cinnamaldehyde on inhibition and inactivation of Cronobacter sakazakii biofilm on abiotic surfaces. J Food Prot 74:200–208

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amalaradjou MA, Venkitanarayanan K (2011c) Effect of trans-cinnamaldehyde on reducing resistance to environmental stresses in Cronobacter sakazakii. Foodborne Pathog Dis 8:403–409

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amalaradjou MA, Narayanan A, Baskaran SA, Venkitanarayanan K (2010) Antibiofilm effect of trans-cinnamaldehyde on uropathogenic Escherichia coli. J Urol 184:358–363

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amin KA, Abd El-Twab TM (2009) Oxidative markers, nitric oxide and homocysteine alteration in hypercholesterolimic rats: role of atorvastatine and cinnamon. Int J Clin Exp Med 2:254–265

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anand P, Murali KY, Tandon V, Murthy PS, Chandra R (2010) Insulinotropic effect of cinnamaldehyde on transcriptional regulation of pyruvate kinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and GLUT4 translocation in experimental diabetic rats. Chem Biol Interact 186:72–81

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson RA, Broadhurst CL, Polansky MM, Schmidt WF, Khan A, Flanagan VP, Schoene NW, Graves DJ (2004) Isolation and characterization of polyphenol type-A polymers from cinnamon with insulin-like biological activity. J Agric Food Chem 52(1):65–70

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Azab KS, Mostafa AH, Ali EM, Abdel-Aziz MA (2011) Cinnamon extract ameliorates ionizing radiation-induced cellular injury in rats. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 74(8):2324–2329

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blomhoff R (2004) Antioxidants and oxidative stress. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 124(12):1643–1645

    Google Scholar 

  • Boga M, Hacıbekiroglu I, Kolak U (2011) Antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of eleven edible plants. Pharm Biol 49:290–295

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bouhdid S, Abrini J, Amensour M, Zhiri A, Espuny MJ, Manresa A (2010) Functional and ultrastructural changes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus cells induced by Cinnamomum verum essential oil. J Appl Microbiol 109(4):1139–1149

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buyukbalci A, El SN (2008) Determination of in vitro antidiabetic effects, antioxidant activities and phenol contents of some herbal teas. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 63(1):27–33

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cao H, Anderson RA (2011) Cinnamon polyphenol extract regulates tristetraprolin and related gene expression in mouse adipocytes. J Agric Food Chem 59:2739–2744

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cao H, Graves DJ, Anderson RA (2010) Cinnamon extract regulates glucose transporter and insulin-signaling gene expression in mouse adipocytes. Phytomedicine 17:1027–1032

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chanda N, Shukla R, Zambre A, Mekapothula S, Kulkarni RR, Katti K, Bhattacharyya K, Fent GM, Casteel SW, Boote EJ, Viator JA, Upendran A, Kannan R, Katti KV (2011) An effective strategy for the synthesis of biocompatible gold nanoparticles using cinnamon phytochemicals for phantom CT imaging and photoacoustic detection of cancerous cells. Pharm Res 28:279–291

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chohan M, Forster-Wilkins G, Opara EI (2008) Determination of the antioxidant capacity of culinary herbs subjected to various cooking and storage processes using the ABTS(*+) radical cation assay. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 63(2):47–52

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crawford P (2009) Effectiveness of cinnamon for lowering hemoglobin A1C in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Board Fam Med 22:507–512

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cvek D, Markov K, Frece J, Landeka Dragicević T, Majica M, Delas F (2010) Growth inhibition of Aspergillus ochraceus ZMPBF 318 and Penicillium expansum ZMPBF 565 by four essential oils. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 61:191–196

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis PA, Yokoyama W (2011) Cinnamon intake lowers fasting blood glucose: meta-analysis. J Med Food 14(9):884–889

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dearlove RP, Greenspan P, Hartle DK, Swanson RB, Hargrove JL (2008) Inhibition of protein glycation by extracts of culinary herbs and spices. J Med Food 11(2):275–281

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dhuley JN (1999) Anti-oxidant effects of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) bark and greater cardamom (Amomum subulatum) seeds in rats fed high fat diet. Indian J Exp Biol 37(3):238–242

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dragland S, Senoo H, Wake K, Holte K, Blomhoff R (2003) Several culinary and medicinal herbs are important sources of dietary antioxidants. J Nutr 133(5):1286–1290

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Du WX, Olsen CW, Avena-Bustillos RJ, McHugh TH, Levin CE, Friedman M (2009) Effects of allspice, cinnamon, and clove bud essential oils in edible apple films on physical properties and antimicrobial activities. J Food Sci 74:M372–M378

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dudonné S, Vitrac X, Coutière P, Woillez M, Mérillon JM (2009) Comparative study of antioxidant properties and total phenolic content of 30 plant extracts of industrial interest using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, SOD, and ORAC assays. J Agric Food Chem 57:1768–1774

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duessel S, Heuertz RM, Ezekiel UR (2008) Growth inhibition of human colon cancer cells by plant compounds. Clin Lab Sci 21(3):151–157

    Google Scholar 

  • Dugoua JJ, Seely D, Perri D, Cooley K, Forelli T, Mills E, Koren G (2007) From type 2 diabetes to antioxidant activity: a systematic review of the safety and efficacy of common and cassia cinnamon bark. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 85:837–847

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frydman-Marom A, Levin A, Farfara D, Benromano T, Scherzer-Attali R, Peled S, Vassar R, Segal D, Gazit E, Frenkel D, Ovadia M (2011) Orally administrated cinnamon extract reduces β-amyloid oligomerization and corrects cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease animal models. PLoS One 6:e16564

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Govindarajan M (2011) Larvicidal and repellent properties of some essential oils against Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles and Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae). Asian Pac J Trop Med 4:106–111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gruenwald J, Freder J, Armbruester N (2010) Cinnamon and health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 50(9):822–834

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guerra FQ, Mendes JM, Sousa JP, Morais-Braga MF, Santos BH, Melo Coutinho HD, Lima ED (2011) Increasing antibiotic activity against a multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter spp by essential oils of Citrus limon and Cinnamomum zeylanicum. Nat Prod Res, pp 1–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Hasani-Ranjbar S, Larijani B, Abdollahi M (2009) A systematic review of the potential herbal sources of future drugs effective in oxidant-related diseases. Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets 8(1):2–10

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ho SC, Tsai TH, Tsai PJ, Lin CC (2008) Protective capacities of certain spices against peroxynitrite-mediated biomolecular damage. Food Chem Toxicol 46(3):920–928

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang B, Yuan HD, Kim do Y, Quan HY, Chung SH (2011a) Cinnamaldehyde prevents adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis via regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways. J Agric Food Chem 59:3666–3673

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang CC, Wang HF, Chen CH, Chen YJ, Yih KH (2011b) A study of four antioxidant activities and major chemical component analyses of twenty-five commonly used essential oils. J Cosmet Sci 62(4):393–404

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huss U, Ringbom T, Perera P, Bohlin L, Vasänge M (2002) Screening of ubiquitous plant constituents for COX-2 inhibition with a scintillation proximity based assay. J Nat Prod 65(11):1517–1521

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Irkin R, Abay S, Aydin F (2011) Inhibitory effects of some plant essential oils against Arcobacter butzleri and potential for rosemary oil as a natural food preservative. J Med Food 14:291–296

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Javed I, Faisal I, Rahman Z, Khan MZ, Muhammad F, Aslam B, Ahmad M, Shahzadi A (2012) Lipid lowering effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum in hyperlipidaemic albino rabbits. Pak J Pharm Sci 25(1):141–147

    Google Scholar 

  • Jayaprakasha GK, Rao LJ (2011) Chemistry, biogenesis, and biological activities of Cinnamomum zeylanicum. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 51(6):547–562

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jayaprakasha GK, Jagan Mohan Rao L, Sakariah KK (2003) Volatile constituents from Cinnamomum zeylanicum fruit stalks and their antioxidant activities. J Agric Food Chem 51(15):4344–4348

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jayaprakasha GK, Ohnishi-Kameyama M, Ono H, Yoshida M, Jaganmohan RL (2006) Phenolic constituents in the fruits of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and their antioxidant activity. J Agric Food Chem 54(5):1672–1679

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jia Q, Liu X, Wu X, Wang R, Hu X, Li Y, Huang C (2009) Hypoglycemic activity of a polyphenolic oligomer-rich extract of Cinnamomum parthenoxylon bark in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Phytomedicine 16(8):744–750

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jin S, Cho KH (2011) Water extracts of cinnamon and clove exhibits potent inhibition of protein glycation and anti-atherosclerotic activity in vitro and in vivo hypolipidemic activity in zebrafish. Food Chem Toxicol 49:1521–1529

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kannappan R, Gupta SC, Kim JH, Reuter S, Aggarwal BB (2011) Neuroprotection by spice-derived nutraceuticals: you are what you eat! Mol Neurobiol 44(2):142–159

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kanuri G, Weber S, Volynets V, Spruss A, Bischoff SC, Bergheim I (2009) Cinnamon extract protects against acute alcohol-induced liver steatosis in mice. J Nutr 139(3):482–487

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keskin D, Toroglu S (2011) Studies on antimicrobial activities of solvent extracts of different spices. J Environ Biol 32(2):251–256

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim SH, Choung SY (2010) Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic action of Cinnamomi cassiae (Cinnamon bark) extract in C57BL/Ks db/db mice. Arch Pharm Res 33:325–333

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim DH, Kim CH, Kim MS, Kim JY, Jung KJ, Chung JH, An WG, Lee JW, Yu BP, Chung HY (2007) Suppression of age-related inflammatory NF-kappaB activation by cinnamaldehyde. Biogerontology 8(5):545–554

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koppikar SJ, Choudhari AS, Suryavanshi SA, Kumari S, Chattopadhyay S, Kaul-Ghanekar R (2010) Aqueous cinnamon extract (ACE-c) from the bark of Cinnamomum cassia causes apoptosis in human cervical cancer cell line (SiHa) through loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. BMC Cancer 10:210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kouassi KH, Bajji M, Zhiri A, Lepoivre P, Jijakli MH (2010) Evaluation of three essential oils as potential sources of botanical fungicides. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 75:525–529

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kwon HK, Hwang JS, So JS, Lee CG, Sahoo A, Ryu JH, Jeon WK, Ko BS, Im CR, Lee SH, Park ZY, Im SH (2010) Cinnamon extract induces tumor cell death through inhibition of NFkappaB and AP1. BMC Cancer 10:392

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kwon HK, Hwang JS, Lee CG, So JS, Sahoo A, Im CR, Jeon WK, Ko BS, Lee SH, Park ZY, Im SH (2011) Cinnamon extract suppresses experimental colitis through modulation of antigen-presenting cells. World J Gastroenterol 17:976–986

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee JY, Park W (2011) Anti-inflammatory effect of myristicin on RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid. Molecules 16(8):7132–7142

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee KG, Shibamoto T (2002) Determination of antioxidant potential of volatile extracts isolated from various herbs and spices. J Agric Food Chem 50(17):4947–4952

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee JS, Jeon SM, Park EM, Huh TL, Kwon OS, Lee MK, Choi MS (2003) Cinnamate supplementation enhances hepatic lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense systems in high cholesterol-fed rats. J Med Food 6(3):183–191

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee BJ, Kim YJ, Cho DH, Sohn NW, Kang H (2011) Immunomodulatory effect of water extract of cinnamon on anti-CD3-induced cytokine responses and p38, JNK, ERK1/2, and STAT4 activation. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 33(4):714–722

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu J, Zhang K, Nam S, Anderson RA, Jove R, Wen W (2010) Novel angiogenesis inhibitory activity in cinnamon extract blocks VEGFR2 kinase and downstream signaling. Carcinogenesis 31:481–488

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu Z, Jia Q, Wang R, Wu X, Wu Y, Huang C, Li Y (2011) Hypoglycemic activities of A- and B-type procyanidin oligomer-rich extracts from different Cinnamon barks. Phytomedicine 18:298–302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lv J, Huang H, Yu L, Whent M, Niu Y, Shi H, Wang TTY, Luthria DL, Charles D, Yu LL (2012) Phenolic composition and nutraceutical properties of organic and conventional cinnamon and peppermint. Food Chem 132:1442–1450

    Google Scholar 

  • Mancini-Filho J, Van-Koiij A, Mancini DA, Cozzolino FF, Torres RP (1998) Antioxidant activity of cinnamon (Cinnamomum Zeylanicum, Breyne) extracts. Boll Chim Farm 137(11):443–447

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mandal S, DebMandal M, Saha K, Pal NK (2011) In vitro antibacterial activity of three Indian spices against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Oman Med J 26(5):319–323

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meades G Jr, Henken RL, Waldrop GL, Rahman MM, Gilman SD, Kamatou GP, Viljoen AM, Gibbons S (2010) Constituents of cinnamon inhibit bacterial acetyl CoA carboxylase. Planta Med 76:1570–1575

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mishra A, Bhatti R, Singh A, Singh Ishar MP (2009) Ameliorative effect of the cinnamon oil from Cinnamomum zeylanicum upon early stage diabetic nephropathy. Planta Med 76:412–417

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mishra A, Bhatti R, Singh A, Singh Ishar MP (2010) Ameliorative effect of the cinnamon oil from Cinnamomum zeylanicum upon early stage diabetic nephropathy. Planta Med 76:412–417

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moselhy SS, Ali HK (2009) Hepatoprotective effect of cinnamon extracts against carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress and liver injury in rats. Biol Res 42(1):93–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nuryastuti T, van der Mei HC, Busscher HJ, Iravati S, Aman AT, Krom BP (2009) Effect of cinnamon oil on icaA expression and biofilm formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Appl Environ Microbiol 75:6850–6855

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okawa M, Kinjo J, Nohara T, Ono M (2001) DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity of flavonoids obtained from some medicinal plants. Biol Pharm Bull 24(10):1202–1205

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Panickar KS, Polansky MM, Anderson RA (2009) Cinnamon polyphenols attenuate cell swelling and mitochondrial dysfunction following oxygen-glucose deprivation in glial cells. Exp Neurol 216(2):420–427

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peng X, Cheng KW, Ma J, Chen B, Ho CT, Lo C, Chen F, Wang M (2008) Cinnamon bark proanthocyanidins as reactive carbonyl scavengers to prevent the formation of advanced glycation endproducts. J Agric Food Chem 56(6):1907–1911

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peng X, Ma J, Chao J, Sun Z, Chang RC, Tse I, Li ET, Chen F, Wang M (2010) Beneficial effects of cinnamon proanthocyanidins on the formation of specific advanced glycation endproducts and methylglyoxal-induced impairment on glucose consumption. J Agric Food Chem 58:6692–6696

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson DW, George RC, Scaramozzino F, LaPointe NE, Anderson RA, Graves DJ, Lew J (2009) Cinnamon extract inhibits tau aggregation associated with Alzheimer’s disease in vitro. J Alzheimers Dis 17(3):585–597

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ping H, Zhang G, Ren G (2010) Antidiabetic effects of cinnamon oil in diabetic KK-Ay mice. Food Chem Toxicol 48:2344–2349

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pires RH, Montanari LB, Martins CH, Zaia JE, Almeida AM, Matsumoto MT, Mendes-Giannini MJ (2011) Anticandidal efficacy of cinnamon oil against planktonic and biofilm cultures of Candida parapsilosis and Candida orthopsilosis. Mycopathologia 172(6):453–464

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prakash D, Suri S, Upadhyay G, Singh BN (2007) Total phenol, antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of some medicinal plants. Int J Food Sci Nutr 58(1):18–28

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qin B, Panickar KS, Anderson RA (2010a) Cinnamon: potential role in the prevention of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Sci Technol 4:685–693

    Google Scholar 

  • Qin B, Polansky MM, Anderson RA (2010b) Cinnamon extract regulates plasma levels of adipose-derived factors and expression of multiple genes related to carbohydrate metabolism and lipogenesis in adipose tissue of fructose-fed rats. Horm Metab Res 42:187–193

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rasheed MU, Thajuddin N (2011) Effect of medicinal plants on Moraxella cattarhalis. Asian Pac J Trop Med 4:133–136

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roussel AM, Hininger I, Benaraba R, Ziegenfuss TN, Anderson RA (2009) Antioxidant effects of a cinnamon extract in people with impaired fasting glucose that are overweight or obese. J Am Coll Nutr 28(1):16–21

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shan B, Cai YZ, Sun M, Corke H (2005) Antioxidant capacity of 26 spice extracts and characterization of their phenolic constituents. J Agric Food Chem 53(20):7749–7759

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shan B, Cai YZ, Brooks JD, Corke H (2011) Potential application of spice and herb extracts as natural preservatives in cheese. J Med Food 14:284–290

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shen Y, Fukushima M, Ito Y, Muraki E, Hosono T, Seki T, Ariga T (2010) Verification of the antidiabetic effects of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) using insulin-uncontrolled type 1 diabetic rats and cultured adipocytes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 74:2418–2425

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shihabudeen MS, Priscilla H, Thirumurugan K (2011) Cinnamon extract inhibits alpha-glucosidase activity and dampens postprandial glucose excursion in diabetic rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 8:46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shobana S, Naidu KA (2000) Antioxidant activity of selected Indian spices. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 62(2):107–110

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh UP, Singh DP, Maurya S, Maheshwari R, Singh M, Dubey RS, Singh RB (2004) Investigation on the phenolics of some spices having pharmacotherapeutic properties. J Herb Pharmacother 4(4):27–42

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh G, Maurya S, DeLampasona MP, Catalan CA (2007) A comparison of chemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial studies of cinnamon leaf and bark volatile oils, oleoresins and their constituents. Food Chem Toxicol 45(9):1650–1661

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suganthi R, Rajamani S, Ravichandran MK, Anuradha CV (2007) Effect of food seasoning spices mixture on biomarkers of oxidative stress in tissues of fructose-fed insulin-resistant rats. J Med Food 10(1):149–153

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai PJ, Tsai TH, Yu CH, Ho SC (2007) Evaluation of NO-suppressing activity of several Mediterranean culinary spices. Food Chem Toxicol 45(3):440–447

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Unlu M, Ergene E, Unlu GV, Zeytinoglu HS, Vural N (2010) Composition, antimicrobial activity and in vitro cytotoxicity of essential oil from Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume (Lauraceae). Food Chem Toxicol 48:3274–3280

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang HF, Wang YK, Yih KH (2008) DPPH free-radical scavenging ability, total phenolic content, and chemical composition analysis of forty-five kinds of essential oils. J Cosmet Sci 59(6):509–522

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang L, Liu F, Jiang Y, Chai Z, Li P, Cheng Y, Jing H, Leng X (2011) Synergistic antimicrobial activities of natural essential oils with chitosan films. J Agric Food Chem 59(23):12411–12419

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wei A, Shibamoto T (2010) Antioxidant/lipoxygenase inhibitory activities and chemical compositions of selected essential oils. J Agric Food Chem 58:7218–7225

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wondrak GT, Villeneuve NF, Lamore SD, Bause AS, Jiang T, Zhang DD (2010) The cinnamon-derived dietary factor cinnamic aldehyde activates the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response in human epithelial colon cells. Molecules 15:3338–3355

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zu Y, Yu H, Liang L, Fu Y, Efferth T, Liu X, Wu N (2010) Activities of ten essential oils towards Propionibacterium acnes and PC-3, A-549 and MCF-7 cancer cells. Molecules 15:3200–3210

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Frontier Natural Products Co-op, Norway, IA, USA

    Denys J. Charles

Authors
  1. Denys J. Charles
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Charles, D.J. (2012). Cinnamon. In: Antioxidant Properties of Spices, Herbs and Other Sources. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4310-0_19

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation