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Comparative Evolution and Design in Non-vertebrate Cardiovascular Systems

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Ontogeny and Phylogeny of the Vertebrate Heart

Abstract

The majority of invertebrate and all vertebrate hearts originate as simple tubular structures organised on a segmental plan. During both evolution and development a heart must increase in power and efficiency in order to serve the transport requirements of increasingly complex and extensive tissue networks. Similarly in both development and evolution body plans become more specialised, e.g. gas exchange and nutrient uptake surfaces become regionalised and highly specialised, requiring modification of the cardiovascular system to supply tissues effectively. These factors are equally pertinent to both vertebrates and invertebrates, and both have developed highly effective systems. Key differences in the evolution of body plans between phyla have, however, necessitated major anatomical differences in the manner in which vertebrate and invertebrate hearts have responded to the challenge. This chapter focuses on non-vertebrate animals and discusses evolutionary and developmental modification of vascular systems focusing on: “hearts”; the pericardium; “open” vs. “closed” vascular systems; myogenic and neurogenic excitation mechanisms; regional specialisation, including gas exchange structures; auxiliary pumps; effects of body size and modifications for terrestrial life. The much greater diversity of the invertebrate phyla dictates that examples must be largely restricted to arthropods. Finally the chapter stresses the overall similarities between invertebrate and vertebrate cardiovascular systems

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  1. Biological Sciences, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4

    B. R. McMahon

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  1. , Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, U nemocnice 3, Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic

    David Sedmera

  2. Fac. Science, Inst. Biological Sciences Zoofysiology, University of Aarhus, C. F. Moellers Allé, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark

    Tobias Wang

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McMahon, B.R. (2012). Comparative Evolution and Design in Non-vertebrate Cardiovascular Systems. In: Sedmera, D., Wang, T. (eds) Ontogeny and Phylogeny of the Vertebrate Heart. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3387-3_1

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