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What is the Origin of Antiphospholipid Antibodies?

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Antiphospholipid Syndrome

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Abstract

Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) are associated with the recurrent pregnancy loss and thrombosis that characterizes the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Although the ontogeny of these pathogenic antibodies has not been fully elucidated, there is evidence that indicates the involvement of both genetic and environmental factors. The evidence for the influence of HLA- and non-HLA-associated genes on the development of aPL and on the expression of disease has been garnered from animal genetic studies and human family and population studies. Several in vitro and in vivo animal studies have demonstrated the important role played by several environmental factors, in particular infectious agents, in the production of pathogenic aPL. Infectious agents can potentially induce autoimmune responses by molecular mimicry, selectively activating or destroying unique lymphocyte subsets, directing cytokine/chemokine release, or exposing cryptic autoantigens during cell necrosis and/or apoptosis. This chapter reviews the most up-to-date scientific evidence relating to the contributions of genetic and environmental factors to the development of pathogenic aPL.

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Acknowledgments

S.P. and M.B. are funded by a grant from the US-Israeli Binnational Reseach Foundation # 2009099; S.P. and R.W. are funded by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) # 1R01AR056745.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA

    Rohan Willis MBBS, MSc & Silvia S. Pierangeli PhD

  2. Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel

    Yehuda Shoenfeld MD & Miri Blank PhD

Authors
  1. Rohan Willis MBBS, MSc
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  2. Yehuda Shoenfeld MD
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  3. Silvia S. Pierangeli PhD
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  4. Miri Blank PhD
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Correspondence to Miri Blank PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Diseases, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA

    Doruk Erkan

  2. University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, 77555-0883, Texas, USA

    Silvia S. Pierangeli

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Willis, R., Shoenfeld, Y., Pierangeli, S.S., Blank, M. (2012). What is the Origin of Antiphospholipid Antibodies?. In: Erkan, D., Pierangeli, S. (eds) Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3194-7_2

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