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Modularizing Portfolio Risk

Install Firewalls to Prevent Runaway Effects

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The Innovation Butterfly

Part of the book series: Understanding Complex Systems ((UCS))

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Abstract

Management of innovation risks is central issue on the minds of new product ­development managers. A reader may recall from the innovation system as presented in Chap. 2 that the delays involved with developing capabilities and delays in executing projects that use these capabilities are major drivers in the complexity of the innovation system. The fact that innovation workers build their capabilities by executing projects only complicates this picture. In short, a key source of complexity of the innovation system is due to the feedback loops that exist between these capabilities and the associated projects required to develop them. While much complexity (and potential for creating harmful innovation butterflies) will remain no matter what the innovation executive and her staff do, things will improve if roadmaps can be made more robust; that is, if the planners can somehow reduce the chances of a roadmap going awry and requiring adjustment or wholesale redesign. If this can be done, the predictability of the innovation system—at least in the short run—will improve, thus reducing the “fog” inherent in innovation systems and enabling the firm to execute the Scout–Roadmap–Orchestrate–Maneuver (SROM) cycle—a crucial underpinning of maneuver-driven competition—at a quicker tempo.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    http://www.woopidoo.com/business_quotes/authors/michael-eisner-quotes.htm.

  2. 2.

    For a review, see: Sommer, S., Loch, C., Pich, M.: Project risk management in new product development, Chapter 17. In: Loch, C., Kavadias, S. (eds.) Handbook of New Product Development Management. Butterworth-Heineman, Oxford (2008).

  3. 3.

    This is an assumed name and a stylized case. Key facts are drawn from existing evidence, but the details have been scaled, and some additional material has been added, to make this a stylized case.

  4. 4.

    For deeper discussions of architectural choices, see:

    • Ulrich, K.: The role of product architecture in the manufacturing firm, research policy (1995).

    • Baldwin, C.Y., Clark, K.B.: Design Rules. The Power of Modularity. Vol. 1. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA (2000).

    • Ramdas, K.: Managing product variety: an integrative review and research directions. Prod. Oper. Manage. 12(1), 79–101 (2003).

    • Yassine, A., Wissmann, L.A.: The implications of product architecture on the firm. Syst. Eng. 10(2), 118–137 (2007).

    • Krishnan, V., Ramachandran, K.: Economic models of product family design and development, Chapter 4. In: Loch, C., Kavadias, S. (eds.) Handbook of New Product Development Management. Butterworth-Heineman, Oxford (2008).

    • Ro, Y., Fixson, S., Liker, J.: Modularity and supplier involvement in product development, Chapter 9. In: Loch, C., Kavadias, S. (eds.) Handbook of New Product Development Management. Butterworth-Heineman, Oxford (2008).

    • Gomes, P., Joglekar, N.: Linking modularity with problem solving and coordination efforts. Manage Decis Econ 29(5), 443–457 (2008).

  5. 5.

    We refer the readers to the work of Professor Nelson Repenning, and his collaborators, on such resource conflicts and their behavioral implications owing to what he terms as the “Firefighting” effect.

    • •Repenning, N., Gonclaves, P., Black, L.: Past the tipping point: the. persistence of firefighting in new product development. Calif. Manage. Rev. (2001).

  6. 6.

    Professors Nonaka and Takeuchi were among the first set of scholars to examine the tacit nature of knowledge in new product development settings:

    • •Nonaka, I., Takeuchi H.: The knowledge creating company: how Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation. Oxford University Press, New York (1995).

  7. 7.

    Fine, C., Whitney, D.: Is the make-buy decision process a core competence? MIT CTPID Report (1996).

  8. 8.

    Loch, C., Kavadias, S.: Managing new product development: an evolutionary framework, Chapter 1. In: Handbook of New Product Development Management. Butterworth–Heineman, Oxford (2008).

    Also, Chapter 6 of this handbook provides a comprehensive discussion of search over a complex (but time invariant) landscape during product portfolio management: Kavadias, S., Chao, R.: Resource allocation and new product development portfolio management (2008).

  9. 9.

    Figure created with Microsoft PowerPoint and used with the permission of Microsoft.

  10. 10.

    Figure created with Microsoft PowerPoint and used with the permission of Microsoft.

  11. 11.

    Goldratt, E.: The Critical Chain. North River Press (1997).

  12. 12.

    Northcote Parkinson published this law as a part of an essay in the Economist (1955). For an analysis of its implications, see:

    • •Gutierrez, G.J., Kouvelis, P.: Parkinson’s law and its implications for project management. Manage. Sci. (1991).

  13. 13.

    Brooks, F.: The Mythical Man-month. Anniversary ed. In 1995 by Addison-Wesley Longman, Boston (1957).

  14. 14.

    This possibility was initially suggested to us by Professor Christoph Loch during the development of our work on hierarchical planning. We are grateful for this insight.

  15. 15.

    For a discussion of Intel’s Copy Exactly! Technology transfer method, see:

    • •Terwiesch, C., Xu, Y.: The copy-exactly ramp-up strategy: trading-off learning with process change. IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage. (2004).

  16. 16.

    For a detailed discussion of the types of competence (including the T shape), see Dr. Daniel E. Whitney’s online papers. For instance,

  17. 17.

    One of the authors came across the “T” versus “Pi” terminology during the course of his work in the automotive industry.

  18. 18.

    Glen, P., Maister, D.H., Bennis, W.G.: Leading Geeks: How to Manage and Lead the People Who Deliver Technology. Jossey-Bass (2002).

  19. 19.

    Clark, K.B., Baldwin, C.Y.: have defined a set of operators. For instance, “splitting shrinks the “footprint” of each task or process,” and “augmentation” introduces a new module that plugs into existing interface (2000).

  20. 20.

    Carlile, P.: A pragmatic view of knowledge and boundaries: boundary objects in new product development. Organ. Sci. 13(4) (2002).

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Anderson, E.G., Joglekar, N.R. (2012). Modularizing Portfolio Risk. In: The Innovation Butterfly. Understanding Complex Systems. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3131-2_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3131-2_6

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