Skip to main content

Often Fun, Usually Messy: Fieldwork, Recording and Higher Orders of Things

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Reconsidering Archaeological Fieldwork

Abstract

This paper has had a long gestation which began in 1997 as an article Chris Cumberpatch and I (Cumberpatch and Thorpe 1997) began to put together where we questioned the focus of the debate, played out in the pages of Antiquity, between Fekri Hassan and Ian Hodder (Hassan 1997; Hodder 1997, 1998). Later, in 2004, I was fortunate enough to be asked to contribute an overview paper to the proceedings of the Stratigraphy Conference held at York in 2001. Unfortunately the first paper was never completely finished and the publication of the Stratigraphy Conference proceedings has been cancelled. This chapter then draws together aspects of both papers, as the debate is still one with relevance today and includes an expansion of my thinking (up to June 2010) on other areas addressed by my original paper given in the Reconsidering the on-site relationship between subject, object, theory and practice session of the Theoretical Archaeology Group conference in at York in 2007.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aitchison, K., 2007. Forum: Ethical Issues in European Professional Archaeology. Public Archaeology, 6/2:116–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aitchison, K., 2008. Book Review of Archaeology and capitalism: from ethics to politics. Edited by Y Hamilakis and P Duke in Conservation And Management Of Archaeological Sites, 10/4:387–388.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, D. & Armit, I., 1993. Unstratified Stratigraphy; Methodologies for Interpreting and Presenting Cropmark Sites. In Interpreting Stratigraphy. A Review of the Art 2 edited by J. W. Barber, pp. 37–41. A.O.C. (Scotland) LTD, Edinburgh.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, J., 1970. The Directing of Archaeological Excavations. John Baker, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrews, G., Barrett, J. C., & Lewis, J. S. C., 2000. Interpretation not Record: The Practice of Archaeology. Antiquity 74:525–530.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker, P., 1969. Some Aspects of the Excavation of Timber Buildings. World Archaeology 1/2:220–235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barker, P., 1993. Techniques of Archaeological Excavation. (3 rd Ed) Batsford, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bateman, J., 2006. Pictures, Ideas and Things: The Production and Currency of Archaeological Images. In Ethnographies of Archaeological Practice: Cultural Encounters, Material Transformations, edited by M. Edgeworth, pp. 68–80. Altamira Press, Lanham.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berggren, Å., 2009. The relevance of stratigraphy. Archaeological Dialogues 16/1: 22–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berggren, Å. and Hodder, I., 2003. Social Practice, Method, and Some Problems of Field Archaeology. American Antiquity 68/3:421–434.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Binford, L., 1972. An Archaeological Perspective. Seminar Press, New York & London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blinkhorn, P. & Cumberpatch, C. G., 1998. The Analysis of Artifacts and the Tyranny of the Field Archaeologist. Assemblage 4. http://www.assemblage.group.shef.ac.uk/4/.

  • Blinkhorn, P. & Cumberpatch, C. G., 1999. Archaeology in England 1999. World Archaeology Bulletin 9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boddington, A., 1978. The Excavation Record: Part 1 Stratification. Northamptonshire County Council, Northampton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carmen, J., 2006. Digging the Dirt: Excavation as Social Practice. In Ethnographies of Archaeological Practice: Cultural Encounters, material Transformations, edited by M. Edgeworth. 95–102. Altimera Press. Lanham.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carter, S., 2001. The Role of the Excavator in the Interpretation of Archaeological sediments. Paper Presented at the Contemporary Approaches to Archaeological Fieldwork: Theory vs. Practice, Democracy vs. Hierarchy conference of the Interpreting Stratigraphy Group York. 29 September 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carver, M. O. H., 1983. Theory and Practice in Urban Pottery Seriation. Journal of Archaeological Science 12:353–366.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carver, M.O.H., 1989. Digging for ideas. Antiquity 63: 666–674.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carver, M. O. H., 2006. Thinking Allowed. Rescue News 100:6–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Central Archaeology Service, 1992. Excavation Recording Manual. London, English Heritage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Central Excavation Unit, 1985. Excavation Recording Manual. London, Department of the Environment.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chadwick, A., 1998. Archaeology at the edge of chaos: further toward reflexive excavation methodologies. Assemblage 3 http://www.shef.ac.uk/∼assem/3/3chad.htm.

  • Chadwick, A., 2003. Post-processualism, professionalization and archaeological methodologies. Towards reflective and radical practice. Archaeological Dialogues 10/1:97–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chadwick, A., 2010. What have the post-processualists ever done for us? Towards an integration of theory and practice; and radical field archaeologies. http://independent.academia.edu/AdrianChadwick/Papers/177010/Chadwick--A-M--2001-2003--2010---What-have-the-post-processualists-ever-done-for-us--Towards-an-integration-of-theory-and-practice--and-radical-field-archaeologies.

  • Clark, G. A., 1996. NAGPRA and the Demon Haunted World. Society of American Archaeologists Bulletin 14/5:3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collis, J., 2001. Digging Up The Past. Stroud: Sutton Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Connor, A. & Buckley, R., 1999. Roman and Medieval Occupation in Causeway Lane, Leicester. University of Leicester Archaeological Services, Leicester.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crummy, P. & Terry, R., 1979. Seriation Problems in Urban Archaeology. In Pottery and the Archaeologist, edited by M. Millett, pp. 49–60. Institute of Archaeology, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cumberpatch, C. G. & Blinkhorn, P., 2001. Clients, Contractors, Curators and Archaeology: Who Owns the Past? In The Responsibilities of Archaeologists: Archaeology and Ethics, edited by M. Pluciennik, pp. 39–46. Archaeopress (Lampeter Workhop in Archaeology 4, BAR IntSeries 981), Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cumberpatch, C. G. & Roberts, H., 2012. The relevance of commercial archaeology in England; a dialogue, The Contemporary Relevance of Archaeology edited by Flatman J. and Rockman M, pp. 23–43, Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cumberpatch, C. G. & Thorpe, R., 1997. Some Notes Towards a Characterisation of Archaeology as a Social Practice. http://ucl.academia.edu/ReubenThorpe/Papers/133636/Some-notes-towards-a-characterisation-of-archaeology-as-a-social-practice.

  • Cumberpatch, C. G. & Thorpe, R., 2002. The Archaeology of Chesterfield. A Report on the Results of a Pilot Study. Unpublished Assessment Report. English Heritage Project No 3184, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Descartes, R. & Cottingham, J., 1984. The philosophical writings of Descartes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • DOE. (Frere Report), 1975. Principles of Publication in Rescue Archaeology. Department of the Environment, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • DOE. (Cunliffe Report), 1983. The Publication of Archaeological Excavations. Department of the Environment, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edgeworth, M., 2003. Acts of Discovery: An Ethnography of Archaeological Practice. Archaeo-press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, P., 1989. Roman Chesterfield: Excavations by T. Courtney 1974–78. The Derbyshire Archaeological Journal CIX:51–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • English Heritage, 1989. Management of Archaeology Projects. English Heritage, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • English Heritage, 1991. Management of Archaeological Projects. English Heritage, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • English Heritage, 2006. Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment: The MoRPHE Project Managers’ Guide. English Heritage, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Everill, P., 2007. British Commercial Archaeology: Antiquarians and Labourers; Developers and Diggers. In Archaeology and Capitalism: from ethics to politics edited by Yannis Hamilakis and Philip Duke, pp. 119–136. One World Archaeology Series, Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammer, F., 2000. The Structuring of Records: Different Systems in use from Excavation Through to Publication. In Interpreting Stratigraphy: Site Evaluation, Recording Procedures and Stratigraphic Analysis. Papers Presented at the Interpreting Stratigraphy Conferences 1993 – 1997, edited by S. Roskams, pp. 143–150. Archaeopress, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, E. C. 1975. The Stratigraphic Sequence: A Question of Time. World Archaeology 7/1:109–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, E. C. & Ottaway, P. J., 1976. A Recording Experiment on a Rescue Site. Rescue Archaeology 10:6–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, E. C., 1989. Principles of Archaeological Stratigraphy. (2nd ed) Academic Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, O., Jones, C., Richardson, P., & Cobb, H., 2007. Reconsidering the On-site Relationship Between Subject, Object, Theory and Practice. Theoretical Archaeology Group, York 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hassan, F., 1997. Beyond the Surface: Comments on Hodders ‘Reflexive Excavation Methodology’. Antiquity 71/274:1020–1025.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heaton, M., 2006. Show me yours: Cost comparison in archaeology. The Archaeologist. 61:11

    Google Scholar 

  • Heaton, M., 2007. Whither the Profession. The Archaeologist. 66:14–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heaton, M., 2008. “W(h)ither the Profession II.” The economic, legal and organisational structure of successful commercial archaeology. Paper given at Annual Conference of the Institute of Field Archaeologists, Swansea University, 18–20 March 2008). http://www.archaeology.demon.co.uk/ABC%202008.doc.

  • Helwing, B., 2009. What’s the news? Thinking about McAnany and Hodder’s ‘Thinking about stratigraphic sequence in social terms’. Archaeological Dialogues 16/1:25–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, J. N., 1972. The Methodological Debate in Contemporary Archaeology: a Model. In Models in Archaeology, edited by D. L. Clarke, pp. 61–107. Methuen, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirst, S., 1976. Recording on Excavations. 1. The Written Record. RESCUE, Hertford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodder, I., 1997. Always Momentary Fluid and Flexible: Towards a Reflexive Excavation Methodology. Antiquity 71/273:691–700.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodder, I., 1998. Whose Rationality? A Response to Fekri Hassan. Antiquity 72/275:213–217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodder, I., 1999. The Archaeological Process: An Introduction. Blackwell, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ivens, R. J., 1995. Tattenhoe & Westbury: Two Deserted Medieval Settlements in Milton Keynes. Buckinghamshire Archaeological Society, Aylesbury.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jefferies, J. E., 1977. Excavation Records. Techniques in use by the Central Excavation Unit. (Directorate of Ancient Monuments and Historic Buildings Occasional Papers.) D.O.E, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, B., 1984. Past Imperfect: The Story of Rescue Archaeology. Heinemann, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joukowsky, M., 1980. A Complete Manual of Field Archaeology: Tools and Techniques of Field Work for Archaeologists. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambrick, G., 1991. Competitive Tendering and Archaeological Research: the Development of a CBA View. In Competitive Tendering in Archaeology: Papers Presented at a One Day Conference in June 1990, edited by H. Swain, pp. 21–30. SCAUM, RESCUE, Hertford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lefebvre, H., 1940. Dialectical Materialism. (1968 Eng trans by John Sturrock reprint 2009 with preface by Stefan Kipfner) University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis MN.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lefebvre, H., 1980. Une pensée devenue monde. Faute-il abandonner Marx? Fayard, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lefebvre, H., 1991. The Production of Space. Blackwell, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lefebvre, H., Kofman, E., & Lebas, E., 1996. Writings on Cities. Blackwell Publishers, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucas, G., 2001. Critical approaches to fieldwork: contemporary and historical archaeological practice. Routledge, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAnany, P.A. and Hodder, I., 2009. Thinking about stratigraphic sequence in social terms. In Archaeological Dialogues 16/1:1–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGuire, R.H., 2007. Foreword: Politics Is a Dirty Word, but Then Archaeology Is a Dirty Business. In Archaeology and Capitalism: from ethics to politics. edited by Yannis Hamilakis and Philip Duke, pp 9–10. One World Archaeology Series, Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Milton Keynes Archaeology Unit., 1989. Westbury Project Manual. Part 1: Level II Recording. Buckinghamshire County Council, Aylesbury.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nietzsche, F. W., 1969. Thus spoke Zarathustra: a book for everyone and no one. (Repr., with new introd by Hollingdale, R.J.) Penguin, Harmondsworth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shanks, M. & McGuire, R. H., 1996. The Craft of Archaeology. American Antiquity 16/1:75–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheldon, H., 1991. Introductory Statement by RESCUE. In Competitive Tendering in Archaeology: Papers Presented at a One Day Conference in June 1990, edited by H. Swain, pp. 5–6. SCAUM, RESCUE, Hertford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spizzenergi, 1979. “Where’s Captain Kirk?” music and lyrics by Spizz and M. Caulfield: Rough Trade, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tarlow, S. & Pluciennik, M., 2007. Forum: Making Trouble for Business Ethics. Public Archaeology, 6/2:124–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thorpe, R., 1998. Which Way is Up? Context Formation and Transformation: The Life and Deaths of a Hot Bath in Beirut. Assemblage 4 http://www.assemblage.group.shef.ac.uk/4/.

  • Thorpe, R. & Cumberpatch, C. G., 2005. The Archaeologists of Chesterfield: Realising their Legacy. Archaeology and Conservation in Derbyshire, pp. 16–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorpe, R., Sharman, J., & Clay, P., 1994. An Iron Age and Romano-British Enclosure System at Normanton le Heath, Leicestershire. Transactions of The Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society LXVIII:1–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wainwright, G., 2000. Time Please. Antiquity 74/4:909–943.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, D., 1969. Report of the Committee of Enquiry into the arrangements for the protection of Field Monuments 1966 – 68. HMSO, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wylie, A., 2000. Questions of Evidence, Legitimacy, and the (dis)unity of science. American Antiquity 65/2:227–237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yarrow, T., 2003. Artefactual Persons: The relational Capacities of Persons and Things in the Practice of Excavation. Norwegian Archaeological Review 36/1:64–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

I owe many people in archaeology debts of inspiration, ours really is a collaborative adventure!. I am indebted to the archaeological units who let me experiment with welding together differing recording traditions on (some of) the sites I excavated for them, notably the Leicestershire Archaeology Unit and the Central Excavation Unit/Central Archaeology Service. I am also indebted to various individuals who have helped shape, either through agreement, disagreement, alternative takes, or inspiration my views about archaeology, excavation and recording over the last 25 years, among many Soughit Kouly-Abdel Nour, Max Adams, Bill Barkle, Dave Bartlett, Adam Bennison, Dr. Adrian Chadwick, Prof John Collis, Dr. Chris Cumberpatch, Jon Dunkley, Tony Howe, Dom Latham, Mike Luke, Prof. Dominic Powlesland, Sarah Reilly, Pete Sheehan, Bob Sydes, Johnny Taylor, Jo Hambly, Sarah Jennings, Dr. Pete Wilson, Tony Wilmott, Tim Williams, Richard Wooley. Chris Cumberpatch, Adrian Chadwick, and Tim Williams all commented on versions of this paper, while I am indebted to them for their comments, all and any mistakes are, of course, my own.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Reuben Thorpe .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Thorpe, R. (2012). Often Fun, Usually Messy: Fieldwork, Recording and Higher Orders of Things. In: Cobb, H., Harris, O., Jones, C., Richardson, P. (eds) Reconsidering Archaeological Fieldwork. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2338-6_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics