Skip to main content

Medical Images Annotation

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Creating New Medical Ontologies for Image Annotation

Abstract

Image classification and automatic annotation could be treated as effective solutions to enable keyword-based semantic image retrieval. The importance of automatic image annotation has increased with the growth of the digital images collections being of great interest as it allows indexing, retrieving, and understanding of large collections of image data. In this chapter, we are presenting an overview of the existing methods for the annotation task from several perspectives: unsupervised/supervised learning, parametric/nonparametric unsupervised learning models, or text/image-based. For medical images annotation, we have chosen an extension of the cross-media relevance model based on an object-oriented approach. This method is presented in detail together with the steps that should be applied to annotate a new image. An evaluation of the annotation process and the experimental results are presented in the final part of this chapter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Wang Y (2008) Automatic image annotation and categorization, PhD thesis, University of London, September

    Google Scholar 

  2. Mori Y, Takahashi H, Oka R (1999) Image-to-word transformation based on dividing and vector quantizing images with words. In: MISRM’99 first international workshop on multimedia intelligent storage and retrieval management, Orlando, 1999

    Google Scholar 

  3. Duygulu P, Barnard K, de Freitas N, Forsyth D (2002) Object recognition as machine translation: learning a lexicon for a fixed image vocabulary. In: Seventh European conference on computer vision, Copenhagen, 2002, pp 97–112

    Google Scholar 

  4. Brown P, Pietra SD, Pietra VD, Mercer R (1993) The mathematics of statistical machine translation: parameter estimation. Comput Linguist 19(2):263–311

    Google Scholar 

  5. Dempster AP, Laird NM, Rubin DB (1977) Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the em algorithm. J R Stat Soc Ser B (Methodological) 39(1):1–38

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Lawrence RR (1989) A tutorial on hidden Markov models and selected applications in speech recognition. Proc IEEE 77(2):257–286

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Arnab G, Pavel I, Sanjeev K (2005) Hidden Markov models for automatic annotation and content-based retrieval of images and video. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGIR international conference on research and development in information retrieval (SIGIR), Salvador, 2005, pp 544–551

    Google Scholar 

  8. Barnard K, Forsyth DA (2001) Learning the semantics of words and pictures. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on computer vision (ICCV), Vancouver, 2001, pp 408–415

    Google Scholar 

  9. Blei DM, Jordan MI (2003) Modeling annotated data. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGIR international conference on research and development in information retrieval (SIGIR), Toronto, 2003, pp 127–134

    Google Scholar 

  10. Zhang R, Zhang Z(M.), Li M, Ma WY, Zhang HJ (2005) A probabilistic semantic model for image annotation and multi-modal image retrieval. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on computer vision (ICCV), Beijing, 2005, pp 846–851

    Google Scholar 

  11. Monay F, Gatica-Perez D (2004) PlSA-based image auto-annotation: constraining the latent space. In: Proceedings of ACM international conference on multimedia (ACM MULTIMEDIA), New York, 2004, pp 348–351

    Google Scholar 

  12. Deerwester SC, Dumais ST, Landauer TK, Furnas GW, Harshman RA (1990) Indexing by latent semantic analysis. J Soc Inform Sci 41(6):391–407

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Hofmann T (2001) Unsupervised learning by probabilistic latent semantic analysis. Mach Learn 42(1–2):177–196

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. Jeon J, Lavrenko V, Manmatha R (2003) Automatic image annotation and retrieval using cross-media relevance models. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGIR international conference on research and development in information retrieval (SIGIR), Toronto, 2003, pp 119–126

    Google Scholar 

  15. Lavrenko V, Manmatha R, Jeon J (2004) A model for learning the semantics of pictures. In: Proceedings of advances in neural information processing systems (NIPS), Vancouver, 2004

    Google Scholar 

  16. Feng SL et al. (2004) Multiple bernoulli relevance models for image and video annotation. In: Proceedings of IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), Washington, DC, 2004, pp 1242–1245

    Google Scholar 

  17. Jin R, Chai JY, Si L (2004) Effective automatic image annotation via a coherent language model and active learning. In: Proceedings of ACM international conference on multimedia (ACM MULTIMEDIA), New York, 2004, pp 892–899

    Google Scholar 

  18. Pan JY, Yang HJ, Faloutsos C (2004) Duygulu P GCap: graph-based automatic image captioning. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshop, Washington, DC, 2004, pp 146–149

    Google Scholar 

  19. Tong H, Faloutsos C, Pan JY (2006) Fast random walk with restart and its applications. In: Proceedings of the international conference on data mining, Hong Kong, 2006, pp 613–622

    Google Scholar 

  20. Liu J, Li M, Ma WY, Liu Q, Lu H (2006) An adaptive graph model for automatic image annotation. In: Proceedings of the ACM SIGMM international workshop on multimedia information retrieval (MIR), Santa Barbara, 2006, pp 873–877

    Google Scholar 

  21. Zhou D, Weston J, Gretton A, Bousquet O, Scholkopf B (2004) Ranking on data manifolds. In: Proceedings of advances in neural information processing systems (NIPS), Vancouver and Whistler, 2004

    Google Scholar 

  22. Li J, Wang J (2003) Automatic linguistic indexing of pictures by a statistical modeling approach. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 25:1075–1088

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Lipson P, Grimson E, Sinha P (1997) Configuration based scene classification and image indexing. In: Proceedings of the 1997 conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, San Juan, 1997, pp 1007–1010

    Google Scholar 

  24. Vailaya A, Jain A, Zhang HJ (1998) On image classification: city images vs. landscapes. Pattern Recognit 31(12):1921–1935

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Cristianini N, Shawe-Taylor J (2000) An introduction to support vector machines and other kernel-based learning methods. Cambridge University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  26. Chapelle O, Haffner P, Vapnik V (1999) Support vector machines for histogram-based image classification. IEEE Trans Neural Netw 10(5):1055–1064

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Yiu Fung C, Fock Loe K (1999) Learning primitive and scene semantics of images for classification and retrieval. In: Proceedings of ACM international conference on multimedia (ACM MULTIMEDIA), Orlando, 1999, pp 9–12

    Google Scholar 

  28. Vailaya A, Figueiredo M, Jain A, Zhang H (2001) Image classification for content-based indexing. IEEE Trans Image Process 10(1):117–130

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  29. Gray R (1986) Vector quantization. IEEE Signal Process Mag 1(2):4–29

    Google Scholar 

  30. Gorkani MM, Picard RW (1994) Texture orientation for sorting photos “at a glance”. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference in pattern recognition, Jerusalem, 1994, pp 459–464

    Google Scholar 

  31. Carneiro G, Vasconcelos N (2005) Formulating semantic image annotation as a supervised learning problem. In: Proceedings of IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), San Diego, 2005, pp 163–168

    Google Scholar 

  32. Vogel J, Schiele B (2007) Semantic modeling of natural scenes for content-based image retrieval. Int J Comput Vis (IJCV) 72(2):133–157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Herbrich R, Graepel T, Campbell C (2001) Bayes point machines. J Mach Learn Res (JMLR) 1:245–279

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  34. Chang EY, Goh K, Sychay G, Wu G (2003) CBSA: content-based soft annotation for multimodal image retrieval using Bayes point machines. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol (CSVT) 13(1):26–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Fei-Fei L, Perona P (2005) A Bayesian hierarchical model for learning natural scene categories. In: Proceedings of IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), San Diego, 2005, pp 523–525

    Google Scholar 

  36. Bosch A, Zisserman A, Munoz X (2006) Scene classification via PLSA. In: Proceedings of European conference on computer vision (ECCV), Graz, 2006, pp 1134–1137

    Google Scholar 

  37. Lazebnik S, Schmid C, Ponce J (2006) Beyond bags of features: spatial pyramid matching for recognizing natural scene categories. In: Proceedings of IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), New York, 2006, pp 988–991

    Google Scholar 

  38. Dietterich TG, Lathrop RH, Lozano-Perez T (1997) Solving the multiple-instance problem with axis-parallel rectangles. Artif Intell 89(1–2):31–71

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  39. Maron O, Ratan AL (1998) Multiple-instance learning for natural scene classification. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on machine learning (ICML), Madison, 1998, pp 341–349

    Google Scholar 

  40. Yang C, Dong M, Hua J (2006) Region-based image annotation using asymmetrical support vector machine-based multiple-instance learning. In: Proceedings of IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), New York, 2006, pp 1057–1063

    Google Scholar 

  41. Fan J, Gao Y, Luo H (2004) Multi-level annotation of natural scenes using dominant image components and semantic concepts. In: Proceedings of ACM international conference on multimedia (ACM MULTIMEDIA), New York, 2004, pp 540–547

    Google Scholar 

  42. Fan J, Gao Y, Luo H, Xu G (2004) Automatic image annotation by using concept-sensitive salient objects for image content representation. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGIR international conference on research and development in information retrieval (SIGIR), Sheffield, 2004, pp 361–368

    Google Scholar 

  43. Gao Y, Fan J (2006) Incorporating concept ontology to enable probabilistic concept reasoning for multi-level image annotation. In: Proceedings of the ACM SIGMM international workshop on multimedia information retrieval (MIR), Santa Barbara, 2006, pp 79–88

    Google Scholar 

  44. Gao Y, Fan J, Xue X, Jain R (2006) Automatic image annotation by incorporating feature hierarchy and boosting to scale up SVM classifiers. In: Proceedings of ACM international conference on multimedia (ACM MULTIMEDIA), Santa Barbara, 2006, pp 901–910

    Google Scholar 

  45. Russell BC, Torralba A, Murphy KP, Freeman WT (2005) LabelMe: a database and web-based tool for image annotation. Technical report, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT AI Lab Memo AIM-2005–025

    Google Scholar 

  46. Miller GA (1992) WordNet: a lexical database for English. In: Proceedings of the workshop on speech and natural language, San Mateo, 1992, pp 483–483

    Google Scholar 

  47. Shah B, Benton R, Wu Z, Raghavan V (2007) Chapter VI: Automatic and semi-automatic techniques for image annotation. In: Zhang Y-J (ed) Semantic-based visual information retrieval. IRM Press, Hershey

    Google Scholar 

  48. Hu B, Dasmahapatra S, Lewis P, Shadbolt N (2003) Ontology-based medical image annotation with description logics. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on tools with artificial intelligence, Sacramento, 2003, p 77

    Google Scholar 

  49. Soo V, Lee C, Li C, Chen S, Chen C (2003) Automatic semantic annotation and retrieval based on sharable ontology and case-based learning techniques. In: Proceedings of the joint conference on digital libraries, Houston, 2003, pp 61–72

    Google Scholar 

  50. Shen H, Ooi B, Tan K (2000) Giving meanings to WWW images. In: Proceedings of the ACM conference on multimedia, Marina del Rey, 2000, pp 39–47

    Google Scholar 

  51. Lieberman H, Rosenzweig E, Singh P (2001) Aria: an agent for annotating and retrieving images. IEEE Comput 34(7):57–61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Carson C, Thomas M, Belongie S, Hellerstein J, Malik J (1999) Blobworld: a system for region-based image indexing and retrieval. In: Proceedings of the conference on visual information systems, Amsterdam, 1999, pp 509–516

    Google Scholar 

  53. Shi J, Malik J (2000) Normalized cuts and image segmentation. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 22(8):888–905

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Hartigan J, Wong M (1979) A K-means clustering algorithm. Appl Stat 28(1):100–108

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  55. Li J, Gray R, Olshen RA (2000) Multiresolution image classification by hierarchical modeling with two dimensional hidden Markov models. IEEE Trans Inform Theory 34(5):1826–1841

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  56. Feng H, Shi R, Chua T (2004) A bootstrapping framework for annotating and retrieving WWW images. In: Proceedings of the ACM conference on multimedia, New York, 2004, pp 960–967

    Google Scholar 

  57. Catherine EC, Xenophon Z, Stelios CO (1997) I2Cnet medical image annotation service. Med Inform 22(4):337–347 (Special Issue)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Igor FA, Filipe C, Joaquim F, Pinto da C, Jaime SC (2010) Hierarchical medical image annotation using SVM-based approaches. In: Proceedings of the 10th IEEE international conference on information technology and applications in biomedicine, Korfu, 2010

    Google Scholar 

  59. Daniel E (2003) OXALIS: a distributed, extensible ophthalmic image annotation system, Master of Science Thesis. University of Pittsburgh

    Google Scholar 

  60. Baoli L, Ernest VG, Ashwin R (2007) Semantic annotation and inference for medical knowledge discovery. In: NSF symposium on next generation of data mining (NGDM-07), Baltimore, 2007

    Google Scholar 

  61. Bresell A, Servenius Bo, Persson B (2006) Ontology annotation Treebrowser: an interactive tool where the complementarity of medical subject headings and gene ontology improves the interpretation of gene lists. Appl Bioinformatics 5(4):225–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Peng H, Long F, Myers EW (2009) VANO: a volume-object image annotation system. Bioinformatics 25(5):695–697

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Lin I-J, Chao H (2006) CMAS, a rich media annotation system for medical imaging. Prog Biomed Opt Imaging 7(31):614506.1–614506.8

    Google Scholar 

  64. ImageCLEF. http://www.imageclef.org/. Accessed 25 Aug 2011

  65. Hersh W, Kalpathy-Cramer J, Jensen J (2006) Medical image retrieval and automated annotation: OHSU at ImageCLEF. In: CLEF, Alicante, 2006, vol 4730, pp 660–669

    Google Scholar 

  66. Gospodnetic O, Hatcher E (2005) Lucene in action. Manning Publications, Greenwich

    Google Scholar 

  67. Nabney IT (2004) Netlab: algorithms for pattern recognition. Springer, London

    Google Scholar 

  68. Lavrenko V, Croft W (2001) Relevance-based language models. In: Proceedings of the 24th annual international ACM SIGIR conference, New Orleans, 2001, pp 120–127

    Google Scholar 

  69. Lavrenko V, Choquette M, Croft W (2002) Cross-lingual relevance models. In: Proceedings of the 25th annual international ACM SIGIR conference, Tampere, 2002, pp 175–182

    Google Scholar 

  70. db4objects. http://www.db4o.com/. Accessed 25 Aug 2011

  71. Db4o Developer Community. http://developer.db4o.com/. Accessed 25 Aug 2011

  72. Paterson J, Edlich S, Hoerning H, Hoerning R (2006) The definitive guide to db4o. Apress, New York

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Liana Stanescu .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Stanescu, L., Burdescu, D.D., Brezovan, M., Mihai, C.G. (2012). Medical Images Annotation. In: Creating New Medical Ontologies for Image Annotation. SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering(). Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1909-9_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1909-9_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-1908-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-1909-9

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics