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The Genetics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

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Abstract

Through rapid advances, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified almost 100 susceptibility genes which confer an increased risk of developing inflammatory bowel disorders (IBD). This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the genetics of IBD. We discuss the role of key loci or genes in IBD pathophysiology. Some of the genes implicated have highlighted key pathways including bacterial recognition (NOD2), autophagy (ATG16L1, IRGM) in Crohn’s disease. Other loci including CDH, HNF4A, LAMB1, and ECM1 are significantly associated with ulcerative colitis (UC) and have been linked to modulating epithelial barrier function. Nearly one-third of the described loci or genes are common to both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Several of these are involved in the IL23 signaling pathway (IL23R, IL12B, JAK2, and STAT3). These findings highlight the importance of genetic variability and its interactions with the immune system, gut microbiota, and environmental factors in determining pathogenesis of IBD.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Stonybrook University Hospital, Stonybrook, NY, USA

    Grace N. Gathungu MA, MD

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, Digestive Diseases, Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street/1080 LMP, 208019, New Haven, CT, 06520-8019, USA

    Judy H. Cho MD

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  1. Grace N. Gathungu MA, MD
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Correspondence to Judy H. Cho MD .

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  1. Medical School of the Humboldt Universit, Department of Medicine, Charité Medical Center, Virchow Hospita, Berlin, 13344, Germany

    Daniel C. Baumgart

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Gathungu, G.N., Cho, J.H. (2012). The Genetics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. In: Baumgart, D. (eds) Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0998-4_1

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