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Traumatic Cranial Neuropathies

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Smith and Nesi’s Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Abstract

Many patients who sustain head trauma may have associated orbital injuries that necessitate a thorough, systematic ophthalmic evaluation. In patients with recent cranial injury, bedside testing may be difficult and limited. At times, the pupillary examination, forced duction testing, anterior segment examination, and direct ophthalmoscopy are all that are initially feasible. This information, along with imaging studies, guides much of the early treatment of head injury patients. Motor vehicle accidents are the most common cause of head trauma, and cranial nerve injuries occur in approximately 13% of these patients [1]. This chapter will discuss the diagnosis and management of traumatic injury to the optic nerve and the motor nerves of the orbit. Discussion of trigeminal and facial nerve injury is found in other chapters.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Oculoplastic and Orbital Surgery Service, Wills Eye Institute, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Ann P. Murchison M.D., M.P.H. (Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology) & Jurij R. Bilyk M.D.

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Peter J. Savino M.D.

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  1. Ann P. Murchison M.D., M.P.H.
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  2. Jurij R. Bilyk M.D.
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  3. Peter J. Savino M.D.
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Correspondence to Ann P. Murchison M.D., M.P.H. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Associate Professor of Ophthalmology Wayne State University School of Med, Detroit, Michigan, USA

    Evan H. Black

  2. Oakland University William Beaumont, Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology Director, Oculoplastic Surgery, Southfield, Michigan, USA

    Frank A. Nesi

  3. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA

    Christopher J. Calvano

  4. William Beaumont School of Medicine, Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology Co-Director, Oculoplastic Surgery, Detroit, Michigan, USA

    Geoffrey J. Gladstone

  5. Former Chief of Ophthalmology, Emeritus Clinical Prof of Ophthalmology Case Western Reserve University, South Euclid, USA

    Mark R. Levine

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Murchison, A.P., Bilyk, J.R., Savino, P.J. (2012). Traumatic Cranial Neuropathies. In: Black, E., Nesi, F., Calvano, C., Gladstone, G., Levine, M. (eds) Smith and Nesi’s Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0971-7_7

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