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Services for Youth in Closed Settings: Gaps in Services

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Handbook of Juvenile Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry

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Abstract

Nearly 4% of all youth 8–18 years old are involved in the justice system (Taxman et al. 2007a). In 2008, 2.11 million juveniles were arrested (Puzzanchera 2009). However, over 101,000 youth are detained in a myriad of facilities: detention (26,590 youth), correctional facilities (32,260 youth), camps (9,770 youth), community-based (18,360 youth), and residential treatment (14,070 youth) (Sedlak and McPherson 2010). Detained youth in closed settings rely upon the facility for their basic needs. Youth detained in facilities tend to have a compilation of biosocial needs including higher rates of substance use disorders, mental health issues, physical disorders, and educational needs (see Sedlak and McPherson 2010). The challenge is to address these needs to better prepare the youth to be part of the community. In this chapter, we provide a brief overview of the juvenile justice system and juvenile offender populations, we describe the residential facilities, we examine the unique needs of detained youth, and we indentify the services provided in these facilities, including (a) health, (b) mental health, (c) substance abuse, and (d) education. The final section is devoted to a discussion of the adoption of evidence-based practices (EBP) as it relates to juvenile justice facilities.

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Notes

  1. 1.

     Some states have minimum ages of criminal responsibility where an individual cannot qualify for adult court if they are under a certain age.

  2. 2.

     Symptoms are self-reported by youth and are not necessarily indicative of a diagnosis.

  3. 3.

     Facilities could endorse multiple facility type options. The survey of juvenile facilities did not define these terms but merely indicated that there were different types of facilities.

  4. 4.

     The survey of juvenile facility directors was part of the NCJTP survey conducted in 2004–2005 (see Taxman et al. 2007a). Residential facilities were selected from a sampling frame of the 772 juvenile institutions listed in the 2003 American Correctional Association (ACA) national directory. After applying exclusionary criteria (facilities with capacities of less than 25, shelters, and group and foster homes were eliminated), 67 facilities were identified using a stratified sample (based on region of the country and size of the population). In the second stage, 165 local juvenile corrections facilities and offices in these counties were identified using the ACA Directory, municipal agency Web sites and directories, and direct telephone inquiries.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. George Mason University, Patriot Sq, 10519 Braddock Rd #1904, MSN: 6D3, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA

    Faye S. Taxman PhD

  2. George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA

    Sara Debus-Sherrill & Carolyn A. Watson

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  1. Faye S. Taxman PhD
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  2. Sara Debus-Sherrill
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  3. Carolyn A. Watson
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Correspondence to Faye S. Taxman PhD .

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  1. Yale University, S. Frontage Road 230, New Haven, 06519, Connecticut, USA

    Elena L. Grigorenko

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Taxman, F.S., Debus-Sherrill, S., Watson, C.A. (2012). Services for Youth in Closed Settings: Gaps in Services. In: Grigorenko, E. (eds) Handbook of Juvenile Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0905-2_18

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