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Herpesviruses and Cancer

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Cancer Associated Viruses

Part of the book series: Current Cancer Research ((CUCR))

Abstract

Herpesviruses are a family of large DNA viruses. They are extremely successful pathogens that have adapted to latently infect and coexist with the host throughout the host’s lifetime. Because of their large coding capacity, these viruses are able to encode a wide variety of viral proteins and regulatory RNAs that impinge on many cellular proteins and critical pathways to the advantage of the virus. Processes important for growth and cell division can be regulated by viral proteins, and under certain circumstances this can contribute to malignant transformation and cancer development. This chapter gives an overview of herpesviruses and cancer. First, the spectrum of animal herpesviruses that are associated with cancer is given. Next, the two human herpesviruses associated with cancer, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), are reviewed. Epstein-Barr virus was the first virus to be associated with a human cancer, Burkitt’s lymphoma. EBV is also associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, gastric cancer, and other malignancies. The current models of how EBV is thought to contribute to these various cancers are presented. KSHV, which was identified in Kaposi’s sarcoma, is the most recently discovered human herpesvirus. KSHV is also present in primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric castleman’s disease. The role of KSHV and the viral proteins in the pathogenesis of these diseases is also reviewed in this chapter. The current animal models of EBV- and KSHV-related cancers are also reviewed briefly. Finally, the role of Marek’s disease virus to the development of cancer in birds is reviewed. The goal of this chapter is to give a general overview of the contributions of herpesviruses to the development of cancer that is further developed in other chapters of this volume.

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  1. H.M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA

    David Everly, Neelam Sharma-Walia, Sathish Sadagopan & Bala Chandran

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    Erle S. Robertson

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Everly, D., Sharma-Walia, N., Sadagopan, S., Chandran, B. (2012). Herpesviruses and Cancer. In: Robertson, E. (eds) Cancer Associated Viruses. Current Cancer Research. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0016-5_7

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