Abstract
The chemistry of polyploids will be considered in terms of three major subjects: the chemical nature of hybrid complementation, chemical changes that occur during chromosome doubling, and chemical changes that occur as the result of evolution of polyploid genotypes. Several questions that seem particularly relevant to the evolutionary potential of polyploids are addressed by the chemical evidence presented: Is there chemical evidence of natural autopioid species? Are there chemical differences related to polyploidization itself? How do natural polyploid species differ from colchicine-induced polyploids? Is there evidence of unique adaptive capacities related to the chemistry of induced or natural polyploids? What are the chemical characteristics of different levels of Polyploidy? Is there chemical evidence of diploidization of the genome of induced and natural polyploids?
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literature Cited
Stebbins, G.L., 1971, “Chromosomal Evolution in Higher Plants,” Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
Stebbins, G.L., 1947, Types of polyploids; Their classification and significance. Adv. Genetics 1: 403–439.
Alston, R.E., Turner, B.L., 1959, Application of paper chromatography to systematics: Recombination of parental biochemical components in a Baptisia hybrid population. Nature 194: 285–286.
Alston, R.E., Turner, B.L., 1962, “Biochemical Systematics,” Prentice-Hall, Inglewood Cliffs, N. J.
Stebbins, G.L., 1950, “Variation and Evolution in Plants,” Columbia University Press, New York.
Stebbins, G.L., Harvey, B.L., Cox, E.L., Rutger, J.N., Jelencovic, G., Yagil, E., 1963, Identification of the ancestry of an amphidiploid Viola with the aid of paper chromatography. Amer. J. Bot. 50: 829–839.
Garber, E.D., 1958, The genus Collinsia. VI. Distribution of pigments in the flowers. Bot. Gaz. 119: 240–243.
Turner, B.L., Alston, R.E., 1959, Segregation and recombination of chemical constituents in a hybrid swarm of Baptisia laevicaulis X viridis and their taxonomic implications. Amer. J. Bot. 46: 678–686.
Harney, P.M., Grant, W.F., 1964, The cytogenetics of Lotus (Leguminosae). VII. Segregation and recombination of chemical constituents in interspecific hybrids between species closely related to corniculatus L. Ganad. J. Genet. Cytol. 6: 140–146.
Stromnaes, O., Garber, E.D., 1963, The genus Collinsia. XXI. A paper chromatographic study of root extracts from fifteen species and six interspecific hybrids. Bot. Gaz. 124: 363–367.
Levin, D.A., 1968, The genome constitutions of eastern North American Phlox amphidiploids. Evolution 22: 612–632.
Dedio, W., Kaltsikes, P.J., Larter, E.N., 1969, A thin-layer chromatographic study of the phenolics of Triticale and its parental species. Canad. J. Bot. 47: 1589–1593.
Kaltsikes, P.J., Dedio, W., 1970, A thin-layer chromatographic study of the phenolics of the genus Aegilops. I. Numerical chemotaxonomy of the diploid species. Canad. J. Bot. 48: 1775–1780.
Kaltsikes, P.J., Dedio, W., 1970, A thin-layer chromatographic study of the phenolics of the genus Aegilops. II. Numerical chemotaxonomy of the polyploid species. Canad. J. Bot. 48: 1781–1786.
Smith, D.M., Levin, D.A., 1963, A chromatographic study of reticulate evolution in the Appalachian Asplenium complex. Amer. J. Bot. 50: 952–958.
Olsson, U., 1967, Chemotaxonomic analysis of some cytotypes in the Mentha X verticillata complex (Labiatae). Bot. Not. 120–249–261.
Alston, R.E., Rosler, H., Naifeh, K., Mabry, T.J., 1965, Hybrid compounds in natural interspecific hybrids. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 54: 1458–1465.
Fahselt, D., Ownbey, M., 1968, Chromatographic comparison of Dicentra species and hybrids. Amer. J. Bot 55: 334–345.
Levy, M., Levin, D.A., 1975, The novel flavonoid chemistry and phylogenetic origin of Phlox floridana. Evolution 29: 487–499.
Harborne, J.B., Mabry, T.J., Mabry, H., 1975, “The Flavonoids,” 2 vols. Academic Press, London.
Brehm, B.C., Ownbey, M., 1965, Variation in chromatographic patterns in the Tragopogon dubius-pratensis-porrifolius complex (Compositae). Amer. J. Bot. 52: 811–818.
Kroschewsky, J.R., Mabry, T.J., Markham, K.R., Alston, R.E., 1969, Flavonoids from the genus Tragopogon. Phytochem. 8: 1495–1498.
Belzer, N.F., Ownbey, M., 1971, Chromatographic comparison Tragopogon species and hybrids. Amer. J. Bot. 58: 791–802.
Roose, M.L., Gottlieb, L.D., 1976, Genetic and biochemical consequences of Polyploidy in Tragopogon. Evolution 30: 818–830.
Levy, M., Levin, D.A., 1971, The origin of novel flavonoids in Phlox allotetraploids. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 68: 1627–1630.
Wallace, J.W., Mabry, T.J., Alston, R.E., 1969, On the biogenesis of flavone-O-glycosides and C-glycosides in the Lemnaceae. Phytochem. 8: 93–99.
Harborne, J.B., 1967, “Comparative Biochemistry of the Flavonoids,” Academic Press, London.
Bhatia, C.R., Mitra, R.K., Jaganath, D.R., 1968, Polyploidy and isoenz3nnes. Genetics 60: 162 (Abstr.).
Mitra, R., Bhatia, C.R., 1971, Isoenzymes and Polyploidy. I. Qualitative and quantitative isozyme studies in the Triticinae. Genet. Res. 18: 57–69.
Barber, H.N., Driscoll, C.J., Long, P.M., Vickery, R.S., 1968, Protein genetics of wheat and homoeologous relationships of chromosomes. Nature 218: 450–452.
Barber, H.N., 1970, Hybridization and the evolution of plants. Taxon 19: 154–160.
Schwartz, D., Laughner, W., 1969, A molecular basis for heterosis. Science 166: 626 - 627.
Sing, C.F., Brewer, G.W., 1969, Isozymes of a polyploid series of wheat. Evolution 61: 391–398.
Haskell, G., 1968, Biochemical differences between spontaneous and colchicine-induced autotetraploids. Heredity 23: 139–141.
Levy, M., 1976, Altered glycoflavone expression in induced autotetraploids of Phlox drummondii. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 4: 249–259.
Murray, B.G., Williams, C.A., 1973, Polyploidy and flavonoid synthesis in Briza media L. Nature 243: 87–88.
Murray, B.G., Williams, C.A., 1976, Chromosome number and flavonoid biosynthesis in Briza L. (Gramineae). Biochem. Genet. 14: 897–904.
Demaggio, A.E., Lambrukos, J., 1974, Polyploidy and gene dosage effects on peroxidase activity in ferns. Biochem. Genet. 12: 429–439.
Levin, D.A., Torres, A.M., Levy, M., 1979, Alcohol dehydro-genase activity in diploid and autotetraploid Phlox. Biochem. Genet. 17: 35–43.
Nakai, Y., 1977, Variation of esterase isozymes and some soluble proteins in diploids and their induced autotetraploids in plants. Jap. J. Genet. 52: 171–179.
Britten, R.J., Davidson, E.H., 1969, Gene regulation for higher cells: a theory. Science 165: 349–357.
Foster, A.E., Ross, J.G., Franzke, C.J., 1955, Genetic analysis of F populations from crosses involving colchicine- induced mutants in Sorghum. Proc. S. Dak. Acad. Sci. 34: 21–22.
Ohno, S., 1970, “Evolution by Gene Duplication,” Springer, New York.
Nair, P.S., Carson, H.L., Sene, P.M., 1977, Isozyme poly-morphism due to the regulatory influence. Amer. Nat. Ill: 789–791.
Ross, I.K., Martini, E.M., Thoman, M., 1973, Changes in patterns between monokaryons and dikaryons of a bipolar Coprinus. J. Bacter. 114: 1083–1089.
Noggle, G.R., 1946, The physiology of Polyploidy in plants. I. Review of the literature. Lloydia 9: 153–173.
Carlson, P.S. 1972, Location Genetic loci with aneuploidsl. Mol. Gen. Genet. 114: 273.
Kostoff, D Axamitnaja, I., 1935, Studies on polyploid plants. VII. Chemical analysis of F hybrids and their amphidiploids. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. URSS (Doklady) n.s. 1: 325–329.
Wolf, G., Rimpan, J., Lelley, T., 1977, Localization of structural and regulatory genes for phosphodiesterase in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Genetics 86: 597.
Smith, H.H., Conklin, M.E., 1975, Effects of gene dosage on peroxidase isozymes in Datura stramonium trisomies, in Markert, C.L. (ed.), “Isozymes,” vol. 3, Academic Press, New York.
del Pero de Martinez, M., Swain, T., 1977, Variation in flavonoid patterns in relation to chromosome changes in Gibasis schiedeana. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 5: 37–43.
Melchert, T.E., 1966, Chemo-demes of diploid and tetraploid Thelesperma simplicifolius (Heliantheae, Coreopsidineae). Amer. J. Bot. 53: 1015–1020.
Harney, P.M., Grant, W.F., 1964, A chromatographic study of phenolics of species of Lotus closely related to I. corniculatus and their taxonomic significance. Amer. J. Bot 51: 621–627.
Kohli, B.L., Denford, K.E., 1977, A study of the flavonoids of the Potentilla pensylvanica complex in North America. Canad. J. Bot. 55: 476–479.
Ferris, S.D., Whitt, G.S., 1977, Duplicate gene expressions in diploid and tetraploid loaches (Gypriniformes, Cobitidae). Biochem. Genet. 15: 1097–1112.
Ferris, S.D., Whitt, G.S. 1977, Loss of gene expression after polyploidization. Nature 265: 258–260.
Riley, R., 1965, Cytogenetics and the evolution of wheat, Hutchinson, J. (ed.), “Crop and Plant Evolution,” Cambridge University Press, London.
Zohary, D., Feldman, M., 1962, Hybridization between amphidi-ploids and the evolution of polyploids in the wheat (Aegilops-Triticum) group. Evolution 16: 44–61.
Feldman, M., 1965, Further evidence for natural hybridization between tetraploid species of Aegilops section Pleionathera. Evolution 19: 162–172.
Crawford, D.J., 1970, Systematic studies on Mexican Coreopsis (Compositae). Coreopsis mutica: flavonoid chemistry, chromosome numbers, morphology and hybridization. Brittonia 22: 92–111.
Smith, R.M., Smith-Martin, M., 1978, Hydrocarbons in leaf waxes of Saccharum and related genera. Phytochem. 17: 1293–1296.
Smith, R.M., Smith-Martin, M., 1978, Triterpene methyl ethers of Saccharum and related genera. Phytochem. 17: 1307–1312.
Rollins, R.C., 1950, The guayule rubber plant and its relatives. Contr. Gray Herb. Harvard Univ. 172: 1–72. Locating genetic loci with aneuploids. Mol. Gen. Genet. 114: 273.
Hears, J.A., 1970, The systematics of Parthenium section Bolophytum; Biochemical, morphological and ecological. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Texas at Austin.
Mears, J.A., 1973, Systematics of Parthenium section Bolophytum: A correlation of morphological, biochemical and habitat data. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. (Philadelphia) 125: 121–135.
Mears, J.A., 1973, Flavonols of Parthenium section Bolphytum. Phytochem. 12: 2265–2268.
Ruesch, H., Mabry, T.J., 1969, The isolation and structure of tetraneurin-A, a new pseudoguaianolide from Parthenium alphinum var. tetraneuris (Compositae). Tetrahedron 25: 805–811.
Rodriguez, E., Yoshioka, H., Mabry, T.J., 1971, The sesquiterpene lactone chemistry of the genus Parthenium (Compositae). Phytochem. 10: 1145–1154.
Rodriguez, E., 1977, Ecogeographic distribution of secondary constituents in Parthenium (Compositae). Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 5: 207–218.
Star, A.E., Seigler, D.S., Mabry, T.J., Smith, D.M., 1975, Internal flavonoid patterns of diploids and tetraploids of two exudate chemotypes of Pityrogramma triangularis (Kaulf.) Maxon. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 2: 109–112.
Seigler, D.S., Smith, D.M., Mabry, T.J., 1975, n-Alkanes from diploid, triploid and tetraploid plants of Pityrogramma triangularis flavonoid chemotypes. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 3: 5–6.
Kelsey, R.G., Thomas, J.W., Watson, T.J., Shafizadeh, F., 1975, Population studies in Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana: Chromosome numbers and sesquiterpene lactone races. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 3: 209–213.
Seaman, F.C., Mabry, T.J., 1979, Sesquiterpene lactones of diploid and tetraploid Ambrosia camphorata. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 7: 3–6.
Seaman, F.C., Mabry, T.J., 1979, Sesquiterpene lactone patterns in diploid and polyploid Ambrosia dumosa. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 7: 7–12.
Mears, J.A., 1975, The taxonomy of Parthenium section Partheniastrum DC. (Asteraceae-Ambrosiinae). Phytologia 31: 463–482.
Feeny, P.P., 1975, Biochemical coevolution between plants and their insect herbivores, Gilbert, L.E., Raven, P.H. (eds.), “Coevolution of Plants and Animals,” University of Texas Press, Austin.
Giannasi, D.E., Chuang, T.I., 1976, Flavonoid systematics of the genus Perideridia (Umbelliferae). Brittonia 28: 177–194.
deWet, J.M.J., 1968, Diploid-tetraploid-haploid cycles and the origin of variability in Dichanthium agamospecies. Evolution 22: 394–397.
Rollins, R.C., 1946, Interspecific hybridization in Parthenium. II. Crosses involving argentatum, incanum, stramonium, tomentosum and P. hysterophorus. Amer. J. Bot. 33: 21–30.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1980 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mears, J.A. (1980). Chemistry of Polyploids: A Summary with Comments on Parthenium (Asteraceae-Ambrosiinae). In: Lewis, W.H. (eds) Polyploidy. Basic Life Sciences, vol 13. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3069-1_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3069-1_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-3071-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-3069-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive