Abstract
Whenever technological advances have enabled the formation of images using either new energy regimes of electromagnetic radiation or different types of radiation, outstanding, sometimes revolutionary, scientific progress has been made. Examples of this are the use of radio waves and, more recently, infrared radiation in astronomy, and the use of electrons (via electron microscopy) in the biological sciences.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
B. K. Agarwal, X-Ray Spectroscopy, Springer Series in Optical Sciences, Vol. 15, Chapters 3–5, pp. 121–239, Springer, Berlin (1979).
A. H. Compton and S. K. Allison, X-Rays in Theory and Experiment, 2nd ed., pp. 116–262 and 472–582, Van Nostrand, Princeton, N.J. (1935).
B. L. Henke, Low energy x-ray interactions: Photoionization, scattering, specular and Bragg reflection, in: Low Energy X-Ray Diagnostics (D. T. Attwood and B. L. Henke, eds), AIP Conference Proceedings No. 75, pp. 146–155, American Institute of Physics, New York (1981).
W. T. Scott, The Physics of Electricity and Magnetism, 2nd ed., pp. 6–14, Wiley, New York (1966).
D. T. Cromer and D. Lieberman, Relativistic calculation of anomalous scattering factors for x-rays, J. Chem. Phys. 53, 1891–1898 (1970).
M. S. Jensen, Some remarks on the anomalous scattering factors for x-rays, Phys. Lett. A, 74, 41–44 (1979).
R. W. James, The Optical Principles of the Diffraction of X-Rays, pp. 166–167, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, N.Y. (1965).
S. T. Manson, Theory of sub-keV photoionization cross sections, in: Low Energy X-Ray Diagnostics (D. T. Attwood and B. L. Henke, eds.), AIP Conference Proceedings No. 75, pp. 156–161, American Institute of Physics, New York (1981).
H. A. Lorentz, The Theory of Electrons and Its Application to the Phenomena of Light and Radiant Heat, p. 48, Dover, New York (1952).
B. L. Henke, P. Lee, T. J. Tanaka, R. L. Shimabukuro, and B. K. Fujikawa, The atomic scattering factor, fi + if2, for 94 elements and for the 100 to 2000 eV photon energy region, in: Low Energy X-Ray Diagnostics (D. T. Attwood and B. L. Henke, eds.), AIP Conference Proceedings No. 75, pp. 340–-388, American Institute of Physics, New York (1981).
J. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, 2nd ed., pp. 672–679, Wiley, New York (1975).
A. A. Sokolov and J. M. Ternov, Synchrotron Radiation, Pergamon Press, Elmsford, N.Y. (1968).
S. Krinsky, M. L. Perlman, and R. E. Watson, Characteristics of synchrotron radiation and of its sources, in: Handbook on Synchrotron Radiation (E.-E. Koch, ed.), Vol. 1, pp. 65–171, North-Holland, Amsterdam (1983).
V. L. Ginzburg and S. I. Syrovatskii, Developments in the theory of synchrotron radiation and its reabsorption, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys., 7, 375–420 (1969).
N. Marks and M W. Poole, The choice of dipole magnetic field for the SRS, Daresbury Nuclear Physics Laboratory Report DL/TM129 (1974).
E.-E. Koch, D. E. Eastman, and Y. Farge, Synchrotron radiation—a powerful tool in science, in: Handbook on Synchrotron Radiation (E.-E. Koch, ed.), Vol. 1, pp. 1–63, North-Holland, Amsterdam (1983).
A. N. Chu, M. A. Piestrup, T. W. Barbee, Jr., R. H. Pantell, and F. R. Buskirk, Observation of soft x-ray transition radiation from medium energy electrons, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 51, 597–601 (1980).
Y. A. Bazylev and N. K. Zhevago, Intense electromagnetic radiation from relativistic particles, Sov. Phys. Usp., 25, 565–595 (1982).
A. H. Compton and S. K. Allison, X-Rays in Theory and Experiment, 2nd ed., pp. 97–115, Van Nostrand, Princeton, N.J. (1935).
B. K. Agarwal, X-Ray Spectroscopy, Springer Series in Optical Sciences, Vol. 15, pp. 35–46. Springer, Berlin (1979).
A. H. Compton and S. K. Allison, X-Rays in Theory and Experiment, 2nd ed., pp. 89–90, Van Nostrand, Princeton, N.J. (1935).
V. W. Slivinsky, X-ray emission from laser fusion targets, in: Low Energy X-Ray Diagnostics (D. T. Attwood and B. L. Henke, eds.), AIP Conference Proceedings No. 75, pp. 6–7, American Institute of Physics, New York (1981).
G. O’Sullivan, P. K. Carroll, T. J McIlrath, and M. L. Ginter, Rare-earth plasma light source for VUV applications, Appl. Opt, 20, 3043–3046 (1981).
M. Kühne, Radiometric comparison of a laser-produced plasma and a BRV-source plasma at normal incidence, Appl. Opt., 21, 2124–2128 (1982).
D. J. Nagel, C. Brown, M. Peckarar, M. L. Ginter, J. Robinson, and T. J. McIlrath, Repetitively-pulsed soft x-ray plasma source, Appl. Opt., 23, 1428–1433 (1984).
M. L. Ginter, Laser produced plasma VUV and soft x-ray light sources, in: X-Ray Microscopy (G. Schmahl and D. Rudolph, eds.), Springer Series in Optical Sciences, Vol. 43, pp. 25–29, Springer, Berlin (1984).
R. A. McCorkle, High intensity pulsed electron beam plasma source, in: Ultrasoft X-Ray Microscopy: Its Application to Biological and Physical Sciences, (D. F. Parsons, ed.), Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. Vol. 342, pp. 53–64 (1980).
G. Balloffet, J. Romand, and B. Vodar, An emission source of continuous spectrum extending from the visible to the extreme ultraviolet, C.R. Acad. Sci., 252, 4139–4141 (1961).
J. Bailey, Y. Ettinger, A. Fisher, and R. Feder, Evaluation of the gas puff z pinch as an x-ray lithography and microscopy source, Appl. Phys. Lett., 40, 33–35 (1982).
K. W. Hill, M. Bitter, D. Eames, S. von Goeler, N. R. Sauthoff, and E. Silver, Low energy x-ray emission from magnetic fusion plasmas, in: Low Energy X-Ray Diagnostics (D. T. Attwood and B. L. Henke, eds.), AIP Conference Proceedings No. 75, pp. 8–24, American Institute of Physics, New York (1981).
L. P. Mix, E. J. T. Burns, D. L. Fehl, D. L. Hanson, and D. J. Johnson, Low energy x-ray emission from light ion targets, in: Low Energy X-Ray Diagnostics (D. T. Attwood and B. L. Henke, eds), AIP Conference Proceedings No. 75, pp. 25–31, American Institute of Physics, New York (1981).
J. C. Riordan, J. S. Pearlman, M. Gersten, and J. E. Rauch, Sub-kilovolt x-ray emission from imploding wire plasmas, in: Low Energy X-Ray Diagnostics (D. T. Attwood and B. L. Henke, eds.), AIP Conference Proceedings No. 75, pp. 35–43, American Institute of Physics, New York (1981).
L. Spitzer, Physics of Fully Ionized Gases, Interscience, New York (1962).
G. O’Sullivan, The origin of line-free XUV continuum emission from laser-produced plasmas of the elements 62 ≤ Z ≤ 74, J. Phys. B, 16, 3291–3304 (1983).
D. Colombant and G. F. Tonon, X-ray emission in laser-produced plasmas, J. Appl. Phys., 44, 3524–3527 (1973).
J. G. Timothy and R. P. Madden, Photon detectors for the ultraviolet and x-ray region, in: Handbook on Synchrotron Radiation (E.-E. Koch, ed.), Vol. 1, pp. 315–366, North-Holland, Amsterdam (1983).
E. Spiller, Soft x-ray optics and microscopy, in: Handbook on Synchrotron Radiation (E.-E. Koch, ed.), Vol. 1, pp. 1091–1129, North-Holland, Amsterdam (1983).
J. H. Underwood and D. T. Attwood, The renaissance of x-ray optics, Phys. Today, 37 (4), 44–52 (1984).
M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics, 5th ed., pp. 38–41, Pergamon Press, Elmsford, N.Y. (1975).
E. Spiller, Low-loss reflection coatings using absorbing materials, Appl. Phys. Lett., 20, 365–367 (1972).
Lord Rayleigh, Resolution in optical images, Philos. Mag. Ser. 5, 8, 261–274 (1879).
E. Abbe, Resolution of microscopes, Arch. Mikrosk. Anat., 9, 413–425 (1873).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1986 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Michette, A.G. (1986). Properties of Soft X rays. In: Optical Systems for Soft X Rays. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2223-8_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2223-8_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9304-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2223-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive