Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Identifying Human Behavioral Teratogens

Designs and Methods

  • Chapter
Behavioral Teratogenesis and Behavioral Mutagenesis

  • 55 Accesses

Abstract

Although over 800 agents have now been found to produce some form of teratogenicity in animals, only a few (30) are considered teratogenic in humans (Shepard, 1986) and none of these has been so identified solely on the basis of behavioral anomalies. Although behavioral damage, especially mental retardation, represents a far greater and more intractable problem than structural damage, behavioral teratogens per se are not included in any list of agents causing anomalies in humans. This is because immediate identification of anomalies is still society’s primary concern and “silent teratogens” do not make their influence felt until long after birth. Nevertheless, narcotics, marihuana, PCBs, and other compounds clearly warrant more than passing attention because of their behavioral teratogenicity. In terms of cost alone, care and treatment of people with behavioral dysfunctions due to prenatal CNS damage represents a far greater economic burden to society than caring for individuals with structural defects (e.g., Abel & Sokol, 1987).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abel, E. L., and Sokol R. J. Incidence of fetal alcohol syndrome and economic impact of FAS-related anomalies. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 1987, 19, 51–79.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Accardo, P. J., and Capute, A. J. The Pediatrician and the Developmentally Delayed Child: A Clinical Textbook on Mental Retardation. Baltimore: University Park Press, 1979. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM III). Washington, D.C., APA, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, V. E., Siegel, F. S., Fisch, R. O., and Wirt, R. D. Responses of Phenylketonurie children on a continuous performance test. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1969, 74, 358–362.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Apgar, V. A proposal for a new method of evaluation of the newborn infant. Current Researches in Anesthesia and Analgesia, 1983, 32, 260–267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bayley, N. Manual for the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. New York: Psychological Corporation, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bayley, N. Development of mental abilities. In P. H. Mussen (Ed.), Carmichael’s Manual of Child Psychology. New York: J. W. Ley, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bierman-Van Eedenburg, M., Jurgens-Van Der Zee, A. D., and Olinga, A., Huisjes, H. H., and Touwen, B. C. Predictive value of neonatal neurological examination: A follow-up study at 18 months. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 1981, 23, 296–305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Billing, L., Eriksson, M., Stineroth, G., and Zetterstrom, R. Pre-school children of amphetamine-addicted mothers. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 1985, 74, 179–184.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brazelton, T. B. Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Broman, S., Nichols, P., and Kennedy, W. A. Preschool I.Q.: Prenatal and Early Development Correlates. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chasnoff, I. J., Burns, W. J., Schnoll, S. H., and Burns, K. A. Cocaine use in pregnancy. New England Journal of Medicine, 1985, 313, 666–669.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Church, M. W., and Gerkin, K. P. Hearing disorders in children with fetal alcohol syndrome: Findings from case reports. Pediatrics, 1988, 82, 147–154.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coles, C. D., Smith, I., Fernhoff, P., and Falek, A. Neonatal neurobehavioral characteristics as correlates of maternal alcohol use during gestation. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 1985, 9, 454–460.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doyle, R. B., Anderson, R. P., and Halcomb, C. G. Attention deficits and the effects of visual distraction. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 1976, 9, 48–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edmonds, L. D., Falk, H., and Nissim, J. E. Congenital malformations and vinyl chloride. Lancet, 1975, 2, 1098.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fagan, J. F., and McGrath S. K. Infant recognition memory and later intelligence. Intelligence, 1981, 5, 121–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fagan, J. F., and Singer, L. T. Infant recognition memory as a measure of intelligence. Advances in Infancy Research, 1983, 2, 31–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fantz, R. L. Visual perception from birth as shown by pattern selectivity. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1965, 118, 793–814.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flint, E. F. Severe childhood deafness in Glasgow 1965–1979. Journal of Laryngology and Otology, 1983, 97, 421–425.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fried, P. A. Marihuana use by pregnant women: Neurobehavioral effects in neonates. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 1980, 6, 415–424.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fried, P. A. Marihuana use by pregnant women and effects on offspring: An update. Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology, 1982, 4, 451–454.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Golden, N. L., Sokol, R. J., Kuhnert, B. R., and Bottoms, S. Maternal alcohol use and infant development. Pediatrics, 1982, 70, 931–934.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grether, J. K. California case file on cerebral palsy and mental retardation. Journal of Perinatology, 1987, 8, 100–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grossman, H. J. (Ed.). Manual on Terminology and Classification in Mental Retardation. Washington, D.C.: American Association on Mental Deficiency, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gusella, J. L., and Fried, P. A. Effects of maternal social drinking and smoking on offspring at 13 months. Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology, 1984, 6, 13–17.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hagberg, B., Hagberg, G., Lewerth, A., and Lindberg, U. Mild mental retardation in Swedish school children. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 1981, 70, 445–452.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hook, E. B. Incidence and prevalence a measures of the frequency of birth defects. American Journal of Epidemiology, 1982, 116, 743–741.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobson, J. L., Jacobson, S. W., Fein, G. G., Schwartz, P. M., and Dowler, J. K. Prenatal exposure to an environmental toxin: A test of the multiple effects model. Developmental Psychology, 1984, 20, 523–532.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobson, S. W., Fein, G. G., Jacobson, J. L., Schwartz, P. M., and Dowler, J. K. The effect of intrauterine PCB exposure on visual recognition memory. Child Development, 1985, 56, 853–860.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobson, S. W., Jacobson, J. L., Dowler, J. K., Fein, G. G., and Schwartz, P. M. Sensitivity of Fagan’s recognition memory test to subtle intrauterine risk. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Anaheim, Calif., Sept., 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, H. L., and Rosen, T. S. Prenatal methadone exposure: Effects on behavior in early infancy. Pediatric Pharmacology, 1982, 2, 113–120.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Larsson, G., Bohlin, A. B., and Tunell, R. Prospective study of children exposed to variable amounts of alcohol in utero. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1985, 60, 316–321.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M., Bartels, B., Campbell, H., and Goldberg, S. Individual differences in attention. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 1967, 113, 461–465.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lowe, J., Windsor, R. A., Adams, B., Morris, J., and Reese, Y. Use of a bogus pipeline method to increase accuracy of self-reported alcohol consumption among pregnant women. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 1986, 47, 173–175.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lowry, R. B., Miller, J. R., Scott, A. E., and Renwick, D. H. G. The British Columbia Registry for Handicapped Children and Adults: Evolutionary changes over twenty years. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 1975, 66, 322–326.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marden, P. M., Smith, D. W., and McDonald, M. J. Congenital anomalies in the newborn infant, including minor variations. Journal of Pediatrics, 1984, 64, 357–371.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCall, R. B., Eichorn, D. H., and Hogarty, P. S. Transitions in early mental development. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 1977, 42, 1–108.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naeye, R. L., and Peters, E. C. Mental development of children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1984, 64, 601–607.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, K. B., and Ellenberg, J. H. Apgar scores as predictors of chronic neurologic disability. Pediatrics, 1981, 68, 36–44.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Noland, E. C., and Schuldt, W. J. Sustained attention and reading retardation. Journal of Experimental Education, 1971, 40, 73–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olofsson, M., Buckley, W., Andersen, G. E., and Friis-Hansen, B. Investigation of 89 children born by drug-dependent mothers. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 1983, 72, 407–410.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Porrino, L. J., Rapoport, J. L., Behar, D., Sceery, W., Ismond, D. R., and Bunney, W. E. A naturalistic assessment of the motor activity of hyperactive boys: I. Comparison with normal controls. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1983a, 40, 681–682.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Porrino, L. J., Rapoport, J. L., Behar, D., Sceery, W., Ismond, D. R., and Bunney, W. E. A naturalistic assessment of the motor activity of hyperactive boys. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1983b, 40, 683–687.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prechtl, H. F. R. Prognostic value of neurological signs in the newborn infant. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1965, 58, 3–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prechtl, H. F. R. Hazards of over-simplification. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 1970, 12, 522–524.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prechtl, H. F. R., and Beintema, D. J. The Neurological Examination of the Full-Term Newborn Infant. London: Spastics International Medical Publications and Heinemann Medical Books, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roger, W. J., Glader, B. C., McKivvery, J. D., Cavveras, N., Hady, P., Thullen, S., Tinglestad, S., and Tully, M. Neonatal effects of transplacental exposure to PCBs and DDE. Journal of Pediatrics, 1986, 109, 335–341.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rose, S. A., and Wallace, I. F. Visual recognition memory: A predictor of later cognitive functioning in preterms. Child Development, 1985, 56, 843–852.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosvold, H. E., Mirsky, A. F., Sarason, I., Bransome, E. D., and Beck, L. N. A continuous performance test of brain damage. Journal of Consulting Psychiatry, 1956, 20, 343–350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scanion, J. W., Brown, W. U., and Weiss, J. B. Neurobehavioral responses of newborn infants after maternal epidural anesthesia. Anesthesiology, 1974, 40, 121–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Serunian, S. A., and Broman, S. H. Relationship of Apgar scores and Bayley mental and motor scores. Child Development, 1975, 46, 696–700.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sever, L. E. “Incidence and prevalence as measures of the frequency of birth defects”. American Journal of Epidemiology, 1983, 118, 608–609.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shaywitz, S. E., Caparulo, B. K., and Hodgson, E. S. Developmental language disability as a consequence of prenatal exposure to ethanol. Pediatrics, 1981, 68, 850–855.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shepard, T. H. Human teratogens: How can we sort them out? New York Academy of Sciences, 1986, 477, 105–115.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Staisey, N. L., and Fried, P. A. Relationships between moderate maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and infant neurological development. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 1983, 44, 262–270.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Standley, K., Soule, A. B., Copans, S. A., and Duchowny, M. S. Local-regional anesthesia during childhood: Effect on newborn behaviors. Science, 1974, 186, 186–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, A. A., and Kephart, N. C. Psychopathology and Education of the Brain-Injured Child (Vol. 2). New York: Grune & Stratton, 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, A. A., and Lehtinen, V. Psychopathology and Education of the Brain-Injured Child (Vol. 1). New York: Grune & Stratton, 1947.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, M. E., Lessen-Firestone, J. K., Starr, R. H., and Ostrea, E. M. Behavior of narcotics-addicted newborns. Child Development, 1915, 46, 887–893.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, M. E., Lessen-Firestone, J. K., Chavez, C. J., and Stryker, J. C. Children of methadone-treated women at five years of age. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 1979, 2, 3–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Streissguth, A. P., Barr, H. M., and Martin, D. C. Offspring effects and complications of labor and delivery related to self-reported maternal alcohol use during pregnancy. Developmental Pharmacology and Therapy, 1982, 5, 21–32.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Streissguth, A. P., Barr, H. M., Sampson, P. D., Parrish-Johnson, J. C., Kirchner, G. L., and Martin, D. C. Attention, distraction and reaction time at age 7 years and prenatal alcohol exposure. Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology, 1986, 8, 717–725.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Streissguth, A. P., Herman, C. S., and Smith, D. W. Intelligence, behavior, and dysmorphogenesis in the fetal alcohol syndrome: A report on 20 patients. Journal of Pediatrics, 1978a, 92, 363–367.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Streissguth, A. P., Herman, C. S., and Smith, D. W. Stability of intelligence in the fetal alcohol syndrome: A preliminary report. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 1978b, 2, 165–170.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sykes, D. H., Douglas, V. I., and Morgenstern, G. Sustained attention in hyperactive children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1973, 14, 213–220.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, G. The natural history of hyperactivity in childhood and treatment with stimulant medication at different ages: A summary of research findings. International Journal of Mental Health, 1975, 4, 213–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, G. S., McCreary, R., Kean, J., and Baxter, J. C. The development of preschool children of heroin-addicted mothers: A controlled study. Pediatrics, 1979, 63, 135–141.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Writer, W. D. R., James, F. M., and Wheeler, A. S. Double blind comparison of morphine and bupivacaine for continuous epidural analgesia in labor. Anesthesiology, 1981, 54, 215–219.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zigler, E., and Cascione, R. Mental retardation: An overview. In E. G. Gollin (Ed.), Malformations of Development. New York: Academic Press, 1984. Pp. 69–94.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA

    Ernest L. Abel

Authors
  1. Ernest L. Abel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Abel, E.L. (1989). Identifying Human Behavioral Teratogens. In: Behavioral Teratogenesis and Behavioral Mutagenesis. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0735-8_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0735-8_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8056-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-0735-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation