Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Human Helminthic and Protozoan infections in the North

  • Chapter
Parasitology

Abstract

Helminthic and protozoan diseases stand out as uniquely characteristic of the tropics of the South. While these parasites may be more common in tropical climates and the intensity of infection may be greater, a surprisingly large number of individuals are infected in the temperate North.' Furthermore, it should be noted that most of the research on parasites, their life cycles, and the means of treating and controlling them has been performed either in Europe or America or by investigators from these areas. Although much of this research was done for humanitarian or scientific reasons, the justification for teaching and investigation has usually been on a more practical level: to safeguard the health of travelers abroad. Even more important has been the impetus provided in the last several decades by the military incursions into the tropics.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography

  1. Stoll NR (1947) This wormy world. i Parasitol 33:1–18

    Google Scholar 

  2. Neva FA (1972) Parasitic diseases of the GI tract in the United States. DM (Disease-Month) June: 3–44

    Google Scholar 

  3. 3. Neva FA (1972) Parasitic diseases of the GI tract in the United States. DM (Disease-Month) June: 3–44

    Google Scholar 

  4. Croll NA, Gyorkos TW (1979) Parasitic disease in humans: the extent in Canada. Can Med Assoc J 120: 310–312

    Google Scholar 

  5. Warren KS (1974) Helminthic diseases endemic in the United States. Am J Trap Med Hyg 23(4): 723–730

    Google Scholar 

  6. Walzer P, Milder JE, Banwell JG, et al (1982) Epidemiologic features of Strongyloides stericoralis infection in an endemic area of the United States. Am J Trop Med Hyg 31(2): 313–319

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Blumenthal DS, Schultz MG (1975) Incidence of intestinal obstruction in children infected with Ascaris lumbricoids. Am J Trop Med Hyg 24(5): 801–805

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Walker RB, Hough JC, Brough JW (1980) A survey of intestinal parasites in rural children. J Fam Pract 11(4): 559–561

    Google Scholar 

  9. Morgan PM, et al (1972)Intestinal parasitism and nutritional status in Louisiana. J La Med Soc 124 (6): 197–203

    Google Scholar 

  10. Jacobs CF, Teator DMN, Jacobs NE (1972) A survey of intestinal parasites in Charleston County school children. J SC Med Assoc 68(8): 315–319

    Google Scholar 

  11. Penick RW, et al (1976) Pinworm infestation: a statewide study. J of the SC Med Assoc 72(9): 348–349

    Google Scholar 

  12. Blumenthal DS, et al (1976) Effects of Ascaris infection on nutritional status in children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 25(5): 682–690

    Google Scholar 

  13. Hoffman SF, Barrett-Connor E, Norcross W, Nguyen D (1981) iIntestinal parasites in Indo-Chinese immigrants. Am J Trop Med Hyg 30(2): 340–343

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Ortiz JS (1980)The prevalence of intestinal parasites in Puerto Rican farm workers in Western Massachusetts. Am J Public Health 70(10): 1103–1105

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Wiesenthal AM, Nickels MK, Hashimoto KG, Endo T, Ehrhard KG (1980) Intestinal parasites in S.E. Asian refugees. Prevalence in a community of Laotians. JAMA 244(22): 2543–2544

    Google Scholar 

  16. Boudreau E, Doberstyn EB, Colon A, Tina L, et al (1980) Health screening of resettled Indo-Chinese refugees. Washington, D.C. Utah MMWR 29(1): 4, 911

    Google Scholar 

  17. Lindes C (1979) Intestinal parasites in Laotian refugees. J Fam Pract 9(5): 819822

    Google Scholar 

  18. Hargus EP, Lepow M, Lau T, Colon AR (1976) Intestinal parasitoses in childhood populations of Latin origin. Lessons from a survey of 129 such children in Hartford, CT. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 15(10): 927–929

    Google Scholar 

  19. Desowitz RS, Wiebenga NH (1975) A survey of intestinal parasites in Oahu school children. Hawaii Med J 34 21–

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Winsberg GR, Sonnenschein E, Dyer AR, Schnadig V, et al (1975) Prevalence of intestinal parasites in Latino residents of Chicago. Am J Epidem 102(6):526–532

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Parasitic infections in Indo-Chinese refugees, Pinellas County, Florida. Public Health Service–CDC–Atlanta. EPI–79–92–2. June 3, 1981

    Google Scholar 

  22. Miller MJ, et al (1978) An evaluation of levamisole for treatment of ascariasis. South Med J 71(2):137–140

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Statistical Abstracts of the United States, 1980.101st ed. US Dept of Commerce. Bureau of Census

    Google Scholar 

  24. Glickman LT, Schantz PM (1981) Epidemiology and pathogenesis of zoonotic toxocariasis. Epidemiologic Reviews 3: 230–250

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Dubin S, Segall S, Martindale J (1975) Contamination of soil in two city parks with canine nematode ova including Toxocara cams: a preliminary study. Am J Public Health 65:1242–1242

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Surgan MH, Colgan KB, Kennett SI, et al (1980) A survey of canine toxocariasis and toxocaral soil contamination in Essex County, New Jersey. Am J Public Health 70: 1207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Glickman L, Schantz P, Dombroski R, et al (1978) Evaluation of serodiagnostic tests for visceral larva migrans. Am J Trap Med Hyg 27: 492–498

    Google Scholar 

  28. Amin OM, et al (1980) Prevalence of pinworm and whipworm infestations in institutionalized mental patients in Wisconsin, 1966–1976. Wis Med J 79(3): 31–32

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Return of the pinworm. Med Times 103(2): 178

    Google Scholar 

  30. Wolfe MS (1978) Oxyuriasis, Trichostrongylus and Trichuris. In: Marsden P (ed) Clinics in Gastroenterolog 7(1): 201–219

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Yoeli M, Most H, Berman H, Tesse B (1963) The problem of strongyloidiasis among the mentally retarded in institutions. Trans R Soc Trap Med Hyg 57: 336–345

    Google Scholar 

  32. Gill GV, Bell DR (1979) Strongyloides stercoralis infection in former Far East prisoners of war. Br Med J (6190): 572–574

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Filho EC (1978) Strongyloidiasis. In: Marsden P (ed) Intestinal parasites. Clinics in Gastroenterolog 7(1): 179–201

    Google Scholar 

  34. Grove DI (1981) Strongyloidiasis in allied ex-prisoners of war in S.E. Asia. Brit Med J 2 (6214): 59801

    Google Scholar 

  35. Milder JE, Walzer PD, Killgore G, Rutherford I, Klein M (1981) Clinical features of S. stercoralis infections in an endemic area of the United States. Gastroenteralogy 80: 1481–1488

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Berg SW, Richlin M (1977) Injuries and illnesses of Vietnam war POWs. II. Army POWs. Milit Med 142(8): 598–602

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Zimmerman WJ (1974) The current status of trichinellosis in the United States. In: Kim CW (ed) Trichinellosis. Intext Educational Publishers, New York, pp 603–609

    Google Scholar 

  38. Centers for Disease Control (1981) Trichinosis surveillance. Annual summary 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Slonka GF, et al (1975) An epizootic of bovine cysticercosis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 166(7): 678–681

    Google Scholar 

  40. Center for Disease Control (1978) Intestinal Parasite Surveillance. Annual Summary

    Google Scholar 

  41. Jones TC (1978) Cestodes. Clin Gastroenterol 7(1):105–128

    Google Scholar 

  42. Pappaioano M, Schweke CW, Sard DM (1977) An evolving pattern of human hydatid disease transmission in the U.S. Am J Trop Med Hyg 26(4): 732–742

    Google Scholar 

  43. Schantz PM (1977) Echinococcus in American Indians living in Arizona and New Mexico. Am J Epidemiol 106(5): 370–379

    Google Scholar 

  44. Wilson JF, Diddams AC, Rausch RL (1968) Cystic hydatid disease in Alaska. A review of 101 autochthonous cases of E. Granulosus infections. Am Rev Resp Dis 98: 1–15

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Cort WW (1950) Studies on schistosome dermatitis. XI. Status of knowledge after more than twenty years. Am J Hyg 52: 251–307

    Google Scholar 

  46. Ciferri F (1981) Human pulmonary dirofilariasis in the West. West J Med 134(2):158–162

    Google Scholar 

  47. Marsden P (1978) Other nematodes. Clin Gastroenterol 7(1): 219–229

    Google Scholar 

  48. Krick JA, Remington JS (1978) Current concepts in parasitology. Toxoplasmosis in the adult–an overview. N Engl J Med 298(10): 550–553

    Google Scholar 

  49. Remington JS, Desmots G (1976) Toxoplasmosis. In: Remington JS, Klein JO (eds) Infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn infant. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 191–332

    Google Scholar 

  50. Teutsch SM, Juranck DD, Sulzer A, Dukey JP, Sikes RK (1979) Epidemic toxoplasmosis associated with infected cats. N Engl J Med 300(13): 695–699

    Google Scholar 

  51. Dukey JP and Streitel RH (1976) Prevalence of Toxoplasma infection in cattle slaughtered in an Ohio abattoir. J Am Vet Med Assoc 169(11): 1197–9

    Google Scholar 

  52. Juniper K (1978) Amoebiasis. Clin Gastroenterol 7(1): 3–30

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Ruebush TK, Juranck DD, Brodsky RE (1978) Diagnoses of intestinal parasites by state and territorial public health laboratories, 1976. J Infec Dis 138(1): 114–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Sargeaunt PG, Williams JF (1982) A study of intestinal protozoa including nonpathogenic Entameba histolytica from patients in a group of mental hospitals. Am J Public Health 72(2): 178–180

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Healy GR (1976) The status of invasive amebiasis in the United States as determined by studies with the indirect hemaglutination test. In: Sepulveda B, Diamond LS (eds) Amebiasis. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico, pp 619–628

    Google Scholar 

  56. Kagan IG (1976) Seroepidemiology of amebiasis. In: Sepulveda B, Diamond LS (eds) Amebiasis. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico, pp 574–588 57. Marr JS (1981) Amebiasis in New York City: a changing pattern of transmission. Bull NY Acad Med 57: 187–200

    Google Scholar 

  57. Marr JS (1981) Amebiasis in New York City: a changing pattern of transmission. Bull NY Acad Med 57: 187–200

    Google Scholar 

  58. Keystone JS, Keystone DL, Proctor EM (1980)Intestinal parasitic infections in homosexual men: prevalence, symptoms and factors in transmission. Can Med Assoc J 123: 512–514

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Quinn TC, Corey L, Chaffie RG, Schuffier MD, et al (1981) The etiology of anorectal infections in homosexual men. Am J Med 71: 395–406

    Google Scholar 

  60. Pomerantz BM, Marr JS, Goldman WD (1980) Amebiasis in New York City 1958-1978 Bull NY Acad Sci 56(2): 232–244

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Identification of the male homosexual high risk population. (1981) Bull NY Acad Med 56(2): 232–243

    Google Scholar 

  62. Smith JW, Wolfe MS, (1980) Giardiasis. Ann Rev Med 31: 373–383

    Google Scholar 

  63. Juranck D (1979) Waterborne Giardiasis. In: Jakubowski W, HoffJC (eds) Symposium on waterborne transmission of giardiasis. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, pp 150–163

    Google Scholar 

  64. Croun GF (1979) Waterborne outbreaks of giardiasis. In: Jakubowski W, and Hoff JC (eds) Symposium on waterborne transmission of giardiasis. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, pp 127–149

    Google Scholar 

  65. Healy GR (1979) The presence and absence of Giardia lamblia in studies on parasite prevalence in the USA. In: Jakubowski W, and Hoff JC, (eds) Symposium on waterborne transmission of giardiasis. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, pp 92–103

    Google Scholar 

  66. Kean BH, William DC, Luminais SK (1979) Epidemic of amoebiasis and giardiasis in a biased population. Br J Vener Dis 55: 375–378

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Phillips SC, Mildran, P, Williams DC, Gelb AM, White MC (1981) Sexual transmission of enteric protozoa and helminths in a venereal, disease clinic population. N Engl J Med 305: 603–606

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Hughes WT (1977) Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. N Engl J Med 297(25): 1381–1384

    Google Scholar 

  69. Ruskin J (1976) Pneumocystic carinii. In: Remington JS, and Klein JO (eds) Infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn infant. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 691–746

    Google Scholar 

  70. Pifer LL, Hughes WT, Stagno S, Woods D (1978) Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis infection: evidence for high prevalence in normal and immunosuppressed children. Pediatrics 61(1): 35–41

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Hughes WT, Price RA, Kim HK, Coburn TP, et al (1973) Pneumocystic carinii pneumonitis in children with malignancies. J Pediatr 82(3): 404-415

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Hughes WT Feldan S Aur RJA et al 1975 Intensity of immusuppressive therapy and the incidence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. Cancer 36 2004–200

    Google Scholar 

  73. Hughes WT, Kuhn S, Chaudhary S, Feldman S, et al (1979) Successful chemoprophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. N Engl J Med 29(26):1419–1426

    Google Scholar 

  74. Center for Disease Control (1981) Kaposi’s sarcoma and Pneumocystis pneumonia among homosexual men–New York City and California. MMWR 30: 305–308

    Google Scholar 

  75. Center for Disease Control. Task Force on Kaposi’s Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (1982) Epidemiologic aspects of the current outbreak of Kaposi’s sarcoma and opportunistic infections N Engl J Med 306: 248–252

    Google Scholar 

  76. Gottleib M, Schroff R, Schanker H, et al (1981) Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and mucosal candidiasis in previously healthy homosexual men. N Engl J Med 305: 1425–1431

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Masur H, Michelis NA, Greene JB, et al (1981) ayAn outbreak of communityacquired Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: Initial manifestation of cellular immune dysfunction. N Engl J Med 305: 1431–1438

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Gallai Z, Sylvestre L (1976) The present status of urogenital trichomoniasis: a general review of the literature. Appl. Therapeutics 773

    Google Scholar 

  79. Schnell JD (1974) The incidence of vaginal candida and trichomonas infections and treatment of trichomonas vaginitis with clotrimazole. Postgrad Med J 50(Suppl 1): 79–81

    Google Scholar 

  80. Eriksson G. et al (1975) Frequency of N. gonorrbeae, I, vaginalis and C. albicans in female venerealogical patients. A one–year study. Br J Vener Dis 51(3) 192

    Google Scholar 

  81. Lazar A (1970) Tricbomonas vaginalis infection. Incidence with use of various contraceptive methods. J Med Soc NJ 67: 225–226

    Google Scholar 

  82. Weston TET, Nicol CS (1963) Natural history of trichomonai infections in males. Br J Vener Dis 39: 251–257

    Google Scholar 

  83. Fouts AC, Kraus SJ (1980) Tricbomonas vaginalis. Reevaluation of its clinical presentation and laboratory diagnosis. J Infect Dis 141(2) 137–143

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Dykers JR (1975) Single dose metronidozale for T vaginitis. N Engl J Med 293: 23–24

    Google Scholar 

  85. Centers for Disease Control. (1980) US Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service. Malaria Surveillance. Annual Summary 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Taylor AF Gaspers S Mahoney LE et al 1982 Introduced autochthous Vivexmalaria California 1980-1981. MMWR 3116 213–21

    Google Scholar 

  87. Jones TC (1979) Freeliving amoeba. In: Mandell G et al. (eds) Infectious diseases. John Wiley, New York, 2095–2097

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Julia Walsh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Rockefeller Foundation , 10036, New York, USA

    Kenneth S. Warren M.D (Director,Helath Sciences) & Jhon Z. Bowers M.D (Consultant,Helath Sciences) (Director,Helath Sciences) &  (Consultant,Helath Sciences)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1983 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Walsh, J. (1983). Human Helminthic and Protozoan infections in the North. In: Warren, K.S., Bowers, J.Z. (eds) Parasitology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5550-5_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5550-5_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-5552-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-5550-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation