Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Neurochemistry of Tolerance, Dependence, and Addiction

  • Chapter
The Pharmacology of Alcohol and Drugs of Abuse and Addiction

  • 245 Accesses

Abstract

Confusion surrounds the definitions and uses of the concepts of tolerance, dependence, and addiction to alcohol and drugs. Although in standard medical texts the definitions appear relatively straightforward, the relationship between them is not nearly as clear.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Jaffe JH (1985). Drug addiction and drug abuse. In The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 7th Ed., Gilman AG, Goodman LS, Rail TW, Murad F, eds., pp. 532–581. New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Hoffman FG (1983). A Handbook on Drug and Alcohol Abuse: The Biomedical Aspects, 2d ed. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Vaillant GE (1983). The Natural History of Alcoholism. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Edwards G, Auf A, Hodgson R (1981). Nomenclature and classification of drug and alcohol-related problems: A WHO memorandum. Bull WHO59:225–242.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Jellinek EM (1960). The Disease Concept of Alcoholism. New Brunswick: Hillhouse.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Tucker JA, Vuchinich RE, Harris CV (1985). Determinants of substance abuse relapse. In Determinants of Substance Abuse, Galizio M, Maish SA, eds., pp. 383–424. New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Siegel RK, Albers RW, Agranoff BW, et al. (1981). Basic Neurochemistry 3rd Ed. Boston: Little, Brown.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Goldstein DB, Chin JH, Lyon RC (1982). Ethanol disordering of spin-labeled mouse brain membranes. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA79:4321–4323.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Lieber CS (1982). Medical Disorders of Alcoholism Pathogenesis and Treatment. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Beauge F, Subier H, Borg S (1985). Abnormal fluidity and surface carbohydrate content of the erythrocyte membrane in alcohol patients. Alcoholism Clin Exp Res9:322–326.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Chin JH, Goldstein DB (1977). Effects of low concentrations of ethanol on the fluidity of spin-labeled erythrocyte and brain membranes. J Pharm Pharmacol13:435–441.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Chin JH, Goldstein DB (1984). Cholesterol blocks the disordering effects of ethanol in biomembranes. Lipids19:929–935.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Goldstein DB (1984). The effects of drugs on membrane fluidity. In Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vol. 24, Cowan WM, Shooter EM, Stevens CF, Thompson RC, eds., pp. 43–64.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Grieve SJ, Littleton JM, Jones P, et al. (1979). Functional tolerance to ethanol in mice: Relationship to lipid metabolism. J Pharm Pharmacol31:737–742.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Ingram LO (1976). Adaptation of membrane lipids to alcohols. J Bacteriol125:670–678.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. LaDroitte P (1984). Sensitivity of individual erythrocyte membrane phospholipids to changes in fatty acid composition in chronic alcoholic patients. Alcohol Clin Exp Res9:135–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Lee NM, Friedman HJ, Loh HH (1980). Effect of acute and chronic ethanol treatment on rat brain phospholipid turnover. Biochem Pharmacol 29:2815–2818.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Littleton JM, Geryk JR, Grieve SJ (1979). Alterations in phospholipid composi- tion in ethanol tolerance and dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 3:50–56.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Feldman RS, Quenzer LF (1984). Fundamentals of Neuro-psychopharmacology. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Dackis CA, Gold MS (1985a). New concepts in cocaine addiction: The do- pamine depletion hypothesis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev9:469–477.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Mule SJ (1984). The pharmacodynamics of cocaine abuse. Psychiatr Ann14:724–727.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Siegel RK (1984). Cocaine smoking disorders: Diagnosis and treatment. Psy- chiatr Ann14:728–732.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Dackis CA, Gold MS (1985b). Pharmacological approaches to cocaine addic- tion. JSubstAbuse Treat2:139–145.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Schuckit MA (1984). Drugs and Alcohol Abuse. New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Green AR, Costain DW (1981). Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Psychiatric Disorders. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Gold MS, Verebey K (1984). The psychopharmacology of cocaine. Psychiatr Ann14:724–727.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Goodwin DW, Guze SB (1984). Psychiatric Diagnosis. New York/Oxford: Ox- ford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Melium KL, Morrelli HF (1978). Clinical Pharmacology, 2d Ed. New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Majchrowicz E, Noble EP (1979). Biochemistry and Pharmacology of Ethanol, Vol. 1. New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Hill MA, Bangham AD (1975). General depressant drug dependency: A biophysical hypothesis. Adv Exp Med Biol59:1–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Chin JH, Parsons LM, Goldstein DB (1978). Increased cholesterol content of erythrocyte and brain membranes in ethanol-tolerant mice. Biochim Biophys Acta513:358–363.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Vanderkooi JM (1979). Effect of ethanol on membranes: A fluorescent probe study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res3:60–63.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Johnson DA, Lee NM, Cooke R, Loh HH (1979). Adaptation to ethanol-induced fluidization of brain lipid bilayers: Cross tolerance and reversibility. Mol Pharmacol17:52–55.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Kates M, Manson LA (1984). Biomembranes: Membrane Fluidity. New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Beach FA (1974). A review of physiological or psychological studies of sexual behavior in mammals. Physiol Rev27:240–305.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Cox AW (1979). Control of “sex centers” in the brain [letter to the editor]. Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality, 13:113.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Ellison G, Levin E, Potthoff A (1986). Ethanol intake increases during continuous stimulants but not depressants. In Abstracts, Third Congress of the International Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism, Helsinki, Finland, p. 31.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Fadda F, Franch F, Gessa GL (1986). Inhibition of voluntary ethanol consumption in rats by a combination of dihydroergotoxine and thioridazine. In Abstracts, Third Congress of the International Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism, Helsinki, Finland, p. 32.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Gessa GL, Fadda F (1986). Ethanol stimulates mesocortical dopaminergic system in ethanol preferring rats. In Abstracts, Third Congress of the International Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism, Helsinki, Finland, p. 107.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Boismare F, Daoust M, Lhuintre C, et al. (1986). Noradrenaline and GABA brain receptors are co-involved in the voluntary intake of ethanol by rats. In Abstracts, Third Congress of the International Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism, Helsinki, Finland, p. 30.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Lumeng L, Wong DT, Threlkeld, et al. (1986). Neuronal receptors of alcohol-preferring (P) and non-preferring (NP) rats. In Abstracts, Third Congress of the International Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism, Helsinki, Finland, p. 33.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Hunt, WA, Barrett LW, Branch LG (1971). Relapse rates in addiction program. J Clin Psychol90:586–600.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Marlatt GA (1980). Craving for alcohol, loss of control, and relapse: A cognitive-behavioral analysis. In Alcoholism: New Directions in Behavioral Research and Treatment, Nathan PE, Marlatt GA, Berg TL, eds. New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Schachter S (1982). Recidivism and self-cure of smoking and obesity. Am Psy-chol37:436–444.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Cummings C, Gordon JR, Marlatt GA (1980). Relapse: Prevention and prediction. In The Addictive Behaviors, Miller WR, ed. New York: Pergamon.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Marlatt GA, Gordon JR (1980). Determinants of relapse: Implications for the maintenance of behavioral change. In Behavioral Medicine: Changing Health Lifestyles, Davidson P, Davidson S, eds. New York: Brunner /Mazel.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Lichtenstein E (1982). The smoking problem: A behavioral perspective. J Consult Clin Psychol6:804–819.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Miller WR, Hester RK (1980). Treating the problem drinker: Modern approaches. In The Addictive Behaviors, Miller WR, ed. New York: Pergamon.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Ogborne AC (1978). Patient characteristics as predictors of treatment outcomes for alcohol and drug abusers. In Recent Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems, Vol. 4, Israel Y, Glaser RB, Kalant RE, et al., eds. New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Pincus JR, Tucker GJ (1985). Behavioral Neurology, 3d Ed. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Heath RG (1972). Pleasure and brain activity in man. J Nerv Ment Dis154:3–18.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Tahakoff B, Rothstein JB (1983). Medical and Social Aspects of Alcohol Abuse. New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Wilson JR, Erwin G, McClearn GE, et al. (1984). Effects of behavior: II. Behavior sensitivity and acute behavioral tolerance. Alcoholism8:4.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Victor M, Adams RP (1953). The effect of alcohol on the nervous system. Res Pub Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis32:526–573.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Millam JR, Ketchum K (1981). Under the Influence. Kirkland, WA: Madrona Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cornell University Medical College, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, 21 Bloomingdale Road, 10605, New York, USA

    Norman S. Miller M.D.

Authors
  1. Norman S. Miller M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer-Verlag New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Miller, N.S. (1991). The Neurochemistry of Tolerance, Dependence, and Addiction. In: The Pharmacology of Alcohol and Drugs of Abuse and Addiction. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3044-1_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3044-1_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7774-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-3044-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation