Skip to main content

A Knowledge System Environment for Ecosystem Management

  • Chapter
Landscape Ecological Analysis

Abstract

Ecosystem management is a collective term used to embrace a philosophy and set of methodologies associated with land-use manipulation or modification (Grumbine 1994; Kaufmann et al. 1995; Sedjo 1995; Lackey 1996). Broad-based issues dealt with under the umbrella of ecosystem management include biodiversity (Wilson 1992; Groombridge 1995; Heywood and Watson 1995), sustainability of ecological systems (Lubchenco et al. 1991; Risser et al. 1991; Covington and DeBano 1993; Levin 1993; Bormann et al. 1994a), maintenance of ecosystem health (Costanza et al. 1993; USDA Forest Service 1996), preservation of ecosystem integrity (Monnig and Byler 1992; Woodley et al. 1993). conservation and stewardship (Sample 1991; Callicott 1994; Alpert 1995), public participation (Wondolleck 1988; Knopp and Caldbeck 1990; Loikkanen 1995), and landscape management (Lucas 1991; Diaz and Apostol 1993; Urban 1993; Boyce 1995; Forman 1995a, 1995b).

This work was supported in part by a contract with batelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, and the USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alpert, P. 1995. Integrated conversation and development. Ecological Applications 4: 857–860.

    Google Scholar 

  • Booch, G. 1991. Object Oriented Design. Benjamin/Commings, Menlo Park, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bormann, B.T., M.H. Brookes, E.D. Ford, A.R. Kiester, CD. Oliver, and J.F. Weigand. 1994a. A framework for sustainable-ecosystem management. Vol. 5. USDA Forest Service PNW-GTR 331.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bormann, B.T., P.G. Cunningham, M.H. Brookes, V.W. Manning, and M.W. Collopy. 1994b. Adaptive ecosystem management in the Pacific Northwest. USDA Forest Service PNW-GTR-341.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bormann, F.H., and G.E. Likens. 1979. Pattern and Process in a Forested Ecosystem. Springer-Verlag, New York.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Boyce, G.G. 1995. Landscape Forestry. John Wiley and Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burk, T.E., and S.D. Lime. 1996. Distributing tactical forest planning information via the INTERNET. In: INTERNET Applications And Electronic Information Resources in Forestry and Environmental Sciences. H. Saarenmaa and A. Kempf (eds.). European Forest Institute Proceedings 10: 79–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell, L.E., C.F. Wilkinson, and M. A. Shannon. 1994. Making ecosystem policy: three decades of change. Journal of Forestry 92: 7–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Callicott, J.B. 1994. A brief history of American conservation philosophy. In: Sustainable Ecological Systems: Implementing an Ecological Approach to Land Management. W.W. Covington and L.F. DeBano (eds.). USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, N.L., A.M. Bartuska, J.H. Brown, S. Carpenter, C. D'Antonio, R. Francis, J.F. Franklin, J.A. MacMahon, R.F. Noss, D.J. Parsons, C.H. Peterson, M.G. Turner, and R.G. Woodmansee. 1996. The report of the Ecological Society of America committee on the scientific basis for ecosystem management. Ecological Applications 6: 665–691.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Costanza, R., B.G. Norton, and B.D. Haskell (eds.). 1993. Ecosystem Health. Island Press, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coulson, R.N., L.J. Folse, and D.K. Loh. 1987. Artificial intelligence and natural resource management. Science 237: 262–267.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coulson, R.N., M.C. Saunders, D.K. Loh. F.L. Oliveria, D.B. Drummond, P.A. Barry, and K.M. Swain. 1989. Knowledge system environment for integrated pest management in forest landscapes: the southern pine beetle. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 34: 26–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coulson, R.N., W.C. Daugherity, M.D. Vidlak, J.W. Fitzgerald, S.H. Teh, F.L. Oliveria, D.B. Drummond, and W.A. Nettleton. 1995. Computer-based planning, problem solving, and decision making in forest health management: An implementation of the knowledge system environment for the southern pine beetle, ISPBEX-II. In: Proceedings of the IUFRO Symposium on Current Topics in Forest Entomology. F.P. Hain, S.M. Salom, W.F. Ravlin, T.L. Payne, and K.F. Raffa (eds.). Maui, HI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coulson, R.N., W.C. Daugherity, E.J. Rykiel, H. Saarenmaa, and M.C. Saunders. 1996. The pragmatism of ecosystem management: planning, problem-solving, and decisionmaking with knowledge based systems. Proceedings of Econforma ′96 Global Networks for Environmental Information. 10: 342–350.

    Google Scholar 

  • Covington, W.W., and L.F. DeBano (eds.). 1993. Sustainable Ecological Systems: Implementing an Ecological Approach to Land Management. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diaz, N., and D. Apostol. 1993. Forest Landscape Analysis and Design: A Process for Developing and Implementing Land Management Objectives for Landscape Patterns. USDA Forest Service PNR, R6 ECO-TP-043-92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forest Ecosystem Management Assessment Team. 1993. Forest ecosystem management: an ecological, economic, and social assessment. Report of the Forest Ecosystem Management Assessment Team. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forman, R.T.T. 1995a. Some general principles of landscape and regional ecology. Landscape Ecology 10: 133–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forman, R.T.T. 1995b. Land Mosaics. Cambridge University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franklin, J.F. 1994. Ecological science: a conceptual basis for FEMAT. Journal of Forestry 92: 21–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • General Accounting Office. 1994. Ecosystem management: additional actions needed to adequately test a promising approach. GAO/RCED-94-111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill, T.G. 1995. Early expert systems: where are they now? MIS Quarterly 19: 51–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Golley, F. 1993. A History of the Ecosystem Concept: More Than the Sum of the Parts. Yale University Press, New Haven.

    Google Scholar 

  • Groombridge, B. (ed.). 1995. Global Biodiversity. World Conservation Monitoring Center and Chapman and Hall, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grumbine, R.E. 1994. What is ecosystem management? Conservation Biology 8: 27–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heywood, V.H., and R.T. Watson (eds.). 1995. Global Biodiversity Assessment. Cambridge University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holling, C.S. (ed.). 1978. Adaptive Environmental Assessment and Management. John Wiley and Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holling, C.S. 1992. Cross-scale morphology, geometry, and dynamics of ecosystems. Ecological Monographs 63: 447–502.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufmann, M.R., R.T. Graham, D.A. Boyce Jr., W.H. Moir, L. Perry, R.T. Reynolds, R.L. Bassett, P. Mehlhop, C.B. Edminister, W.M. Bock, and P.S. Corn. 1995. An ecological basis for ecosystem management. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM 246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knopp, T.B., and E.S. Caldbeck. 1990. The role of participatory democracy in forest management. Journal of Forestry 88: 13–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lackey, R.T. 1995. Ecosystem health, biological diversity, and sustainable development: research that makes a difference. Renewable Resources Journal 13: 8–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lackey, R.T. 1996. Seven pillars of ecosystem management. Landscape and Urban Planning May 9, 1996: 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin, S.A. 1993. Forum, science and sustainability. Ecological Applications 3: 445–489.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loikkanen, T.T. 1995. Public participation in natural resource management. European Forest Institute Proceedings 4: 19–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lubchenco, J., A.M. Olson, L.B. Brubaker, S.R. Carpenter, M.M. Holland, S.P. Hubbell, S.A. Levin, J.A. MacMahon, P.A. Matson, J.M. Melillo, H.A. Mooney, C.H. Peterson, H.R. Pulliam, L.A. Real, P.J. Regal, and P.G. Risser. 1991. The sustainable biosphere initiative: An ecological research agenda. Ecology 72: 371–412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lucas, O.W.R. 1991. The Design of Forest Landscapes. Oxford University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNab, W.H., and P.E. Avers. 1994. Ecological subregions of the United States: section descriptions. USDA Forest Service, WO-WSA-5, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe. Helsinki 16-17 June 1993. European list of criteria and most suitable quantitative indicators. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry in Finland, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monnig, E., and J. Byler. 1992. Forest health and ecological integrity in the Northern Rockies. USDA Forest Service Forest Pest Management Report 92.7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morrissey, W.A. 1995. Ecosystem management tools and techniques. Proceedings of the Congressional Research Service Workshop. Library of Congress, 95, 430 SRP, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muggleton, S. 1990. Inductive Acquisition of Knowledge. Addison-Wesley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noss, R.F., E.T. LaRoe III, and J.M. Scott. 1995. Endangered ecosystems of the United States: a preliminary assessment of loss and degradation. USDI National Biological Service. Biological Report 28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Overbay, J.C. 1992. Ecosystem management. In: Taking an Ecological Approach to Management, Proceedings of the National Workshop, USDA Forest Service WO-WSA-3, April 27-30, 1992 (original not examined, definition quoted from Lackey 1995).

    Google Scholar 

  • Risser, P.G., J. Lubchenco, and S.A. Levin. 1991. Biological research priorities: a sustainable biosphere. BioScience 41: 625–627.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, F.D. 1992. Ecosystem management on the National Forests and Grasslands. USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC. 1330-31 policy letter, June 4, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rumbaugh, J., M. Blaha, W. Pramerlani, F. Eddy, and W. Lorensen. 1991. Object-Oriented Modeling and Design. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saarenmaa, H., J. Perttunen, J. Vakeva, and A. Nikula. 1994. Object-oriented modeling of tasks and agents in integrated forest health management. AI Applications 8: 43–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saarenmaa, H., J. Perttunen, J. Vakeva, and J.M. Power. 1995. Multiagent problem solving and object-oriented decision support systems for natural resource management. AI Applications 9: 99–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salminen, H., H. Saarenmaa, J. Perttunen, R. Sievänen, J. Väkevä, and E. Nikinmaa. 1994. Modeling trees using an object-oriented scheme. Mathematics and Computer Modelling 20: 49–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salwasser, H. 1994. Ecosystem management: can it sustain diversity and productivity. Journal of Forestry 92: 6–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sample, V.A. 1991. Land Stewardship in the Next Era of Conservation. Grey Towers Press, Milford, PA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, D.C. 1994. Quantitative Ecology. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, A.C., J.E. Clayton, and E.L. Gibson. 1991. A Practical Guide to Knowledge Acquistition. Addison-Wesley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedjo, R.A. 1995. Toward an operational definition of ecosystem management (Keynote). In Analysis in support of ecosystem management. J.E. Thompson (ed.). USDA Forest Service, Ecosystem Management Analysis Center, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slocombe, D.S. 1993. Implementing ecosystem-based management. BioScience 43: 612–622.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steinke, A., D.G. Green, and D.J. Peters. 1996. On-line environmental geographic information systems. In: INTERNET Applications And Electronic Information Resources in Forestry and Environmental Sciences. H. Saarenmaa and A. Kempf (eds.). European Forest Institute Proceedings 10: 91–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, J.W. 1994. Forest ecosystem management assessment team: objectives, processes, and options. Journal of Forestry 92: 12–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, J.E. 1995. Analysis in support of ecosystem management. USDA Forest Service, Ecosystem Management Analysis Center, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Urban, D.L. 1993. Landscape ecology and ecosystem management. In: Sustainable Ecological Systems: Implementing an Ecological Approach to Land Management. W.W. Covington and L.F. DeBano (eds.). USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-247.

    Google Scholar 

  • USDA Forest Service. 1996. Forest health for the Nation's future: A policy and strategic direction. Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Dyne, G.M. 1969. The Ecosystem Concept in Natural Resource Management. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Väkevä, J.J. Perttunen, H., Saarenmaa, and J. Saarikko. 1996. A diagnostic information service about damaging agents of trees in the World Wide Web. In: INTERNET Applications And Electronic Information Resources in Forestry and Environmental Sciences. H. Saarenmaa and A. Kempf (eds.). European Forest Institute Proceedings 10: 131–139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogt, K.A., J.C. Gordon, J.P. Wargo, D.J. Vogt, H. Asbjornsen, P.A. Palmiotto, H.J. Clark, J.L. O'Hara, W.S. Keaton, T. Patel-Weynand, and E. Witten. 1997. Ecosystems: Balancing Science with Management. Springer-Verlag, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watt, K.F.E. 1968. Ecology and Resource Management: A Quantitative Approach. McGraw-Hill, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, E.O. (ed.). 1992. Biodiversity, National Academy Press. Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wondolleck, J. 1988. Public Lands: Conflict and Resolution. Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodley, S., J. Kay, and G. Francis (eds.). 1993. Ecological Integrity and the Management of Ecosystems. St. Lucie Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoon, Y. 1995. Exploring the factors associated with expert systems success. MIS Quarterly 19: 83–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zonneveld, I.S. 1990. Scope and concepts of landscape ecology as an emerging science. In: Changing Landscapes: An Ecological Perspective. I.S. Zonneveld and R.T.T. Forman (eds.). Springer-Verlag, New York.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Coulson, R.N., Saarenmaa, H., Daugherity, W.C., Rykiel, E.J., Saunders, M.C., Fitzgerald, J.W. (1999). A Knowledge System Environment for Ecosystem Management. In: Klopatek, J.M., Gardner, R.H. (eds) Landscape Ecological Analysis. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0529-6_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0529-6_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-6804-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-0529-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics