Abstract
Ecosystem management is a collective term used to embrace a philosophy and set of methodologies associated with land-use manipulation or modification (Grumbine 1994; Kaufmann et al. 1995; Sedjo 1995; Lackey 1996). Broad-based issues dealt with under the umbrella of ecosystem management include biodiversity (Wilson 1992; Groombridge 1995; Heywood and Watson 1995), sustainability of ecological systems (Lubchenco et al. 1991; Risser et al. 1991; Covington and DeBano 1993; Levin 1993; Bormann et al. 1994a), maintenance of ecosystem health (Costanza et al. 1993; USDA Forest Service 1996), preservation of ecosystem integrity (Monnig and Byler 1992; Woodley et al. 1993). conservation and stewardship (Sample 1991; Callicott 1994; Alpert 1995), public participation (Wondolleck 1988; Knopp and Caldbeck 1990; Loikkanen 1995), and landscape management (Lucas 1991; Diaz and Apostol 1993; Urban 1993; Boyce 1995; Forman 1995a, 1995b).
This work was supported in part by a contract with batelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, and the USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alpert, P. 1995. Integrated conversation and development. Ecological Applications 4: 857–860.
Booch, G. 1991. Object Oriented Design. Benjamin/Commings, Menlo Park, CA.
Bormann, B.T., M.H. Brookes, E.D. Ford, A.R. Kiester, CD. Oliver, and J.F. Weigand. 1994a. A framework for sustainable-ecosystem management. Vol. 5. USDA Forest Service PNW-GTR 331.
Bormann, B.T., P.G. Cunningham, M.H. Brookes, V.W. Manning, and M.W. Collopy. 1994b. Adaptive ecosystem management in the Pacific Northwest. USDA Forest Service PNW-GTR-341.
Bormann, F.H., and G.E. Likens. 1979. Pattern and Process in a Forested Ecosystem. Springer-Verlag, New York.
Boyce, G.G. 1995. Landscape Forestry. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Burk, T.E., and S.D. Lime. 1996. Distributing tactical forest planning information via the INTERNET. In: INTERNET Applications And Electronic Information Resources in Forestry and Environmental Sciences. H. Saarenmaa and A. Kempf (eds.). European Forest Institute Proceedings 10: 79–90.
Caldwell, L.E., C.F. Wilkinson, and M. A. Shannon. 1994. Making ecosystem policy: three decades of change. Journal of Forestry 92: 7–10.
Callicott, J.B. 1994. A brief history of American conservation philosophy. In: Sustainable Ecological Systems: Implementing an Ecological Approach to Land Management. W.W. Covington and L.F. DeBano (eds.). USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-247.
Christensen, N.L., A.M. Bartuska, J.H. Brown, S. Carpenter, C. D'Antonio, R. Francis, J.F. Franklin, J.A. MacMahon, R.F. Noss, D.J. Parsons, C.H. Peterson, M.G. Turner, and R.G. Woodmansee. 1996. The report of the Ecological Society of America committee on the scientific basis for ecosystem management. Ecological Applications 6: 665–691.
Costanza, R., B.G. Norton, and B.D. Haskell (eds.). 1993. Ecosystem Health. Island Press, Washington, DC.
Coulson, R.N., L.J. Folse, and D.K. Loh. 1987. Artificial intelligence and natural resource management. Science 237: 262–267.
Coulson, R.N., M.C. Saunders, D.K. Loh. F.L. Oliveria, D.B. Drummond, P.A. Barry, and K.M. Swain. 1989. Knowledge system environment for integrated pest management in forest landscapes: the southern pine beetle. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 34: 26–33.
Coulson, R.N., W.C. Daugherity, M.D. Vidlak, J.W. Fitzgerald, S.H. Teh, F.L. Oliveria, D.B. Drummond, and W.A. Nettleton. 1995. Computer-based planning, problem solving, and decision making in forest health management: An implementation of the knowledge system environment for the southern pine beetle, ISPBEX-II. In: Proceedings of the IUFRO Symposium on Current Topics in Forest Entomology. F.P. Hain, S.M. Salom, W.F. Ravlin, T.L. Payne, and K.F. Raffa (eds.). Maui, HI.
Coulson, R.N., W.C. Daugherity, E.J. Rykiel, H. Saarenmaa, and M.C. Saunders. 1996. The pragmatism of ecosystem management: planning, problem-solving, and decisionmaking with knowledge based systems. Proceedings of Econforma ′96 Global Networks for Environmental Information. 10: 342–350.
Covington, W.W., and L.F. DeBano (eds.). 1993. Sustainable Ecological Systems: Implementing an Ecological Approach to Land Management. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-247.
Diaz, N., and D. Apostol. 1993. Forest Landscape Analysis and Design: A Process for Developing and Implementing Land Management Objectives for Landscape Patterns. USDA Forest Service PNR, R6 ECO-TP-043-92.
Forest Ecosystem Management Assessment Team. 1993. Forest ecosystem management: an ecological, economic, and social assessment. Report of the Forest Ecosystem Management Assessment Team. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
Forman, R.T.T. 1995a. Some general principles of landscape and regional ecology. Landscape Ecology 10: 133–142.
Forman, R.T.T. 1995b. Land Mosaics. Cambridge University Press, New York.
Franklin, J.F. 1994. Ecological science: a conceptual basis for FEMAT. Journal of Forestry 92: 21–23.
General Accounting Office. 1994. Ecosystem management: additional actions needed to adequately test a promising approach. GAO/RCED-94-111.
Gill, T.G. 1995. Early expert systems: where are they now? MIS Quarterly 19: 51–80.
Golley, F. 1993. A History of the Ecosystem Concept: More Than the Sum of the Parts. Yale University Press, New Haven.
Groombridge, B. (ed.). 1995. Global Biodiversity. World Conservation Monitoring Center and Chapman and Hall, London.
Grumbine, R.E. 1994. What is ecosystem management? Conservation Biology 8: 27–38.
Heywood, V.H., and R.T. Watson (eds.). 1995. Global Biodiversity Assessment. Cambridge University Press, New York.
Holling, C.S. (ed.). 1978. Adaptive Environmental Assessment and Management. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Holling, C.S. 1992. Cross-scale morphology, geometry, and dynamics of ecosystems. Ecological Monographs 63: 447–502.
Kaufmann, M.R., R.T. Graham, D.A. Boyce Jr., W.H. Moir, L. Perry, R.T. Reynolds, R.L. Bassett, P. Mehlhop, C.B. Edminister, W.M. Bock, and P.S. Corn. 1995. An ecological basis for ecosystem management. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM 246.
Knopp, T.B., and E.S. Caldbeck. 1990. The role of participatory democracy in forest management. Journal of Forestry 88: 13–18.
Lackey, R.T. 1995. Ecosystem health, biological diversity, and sustainable development: research that makes a difference. Renewable Resources Journal 13: 8–13.
Lackey, R.T. 1996. Seven pillars of ecosystem management. Landscape and Urban Planning May 9, 1996: 1–14.
Levin, S.A. 1993. Forum, science and sustainability. Ecological Applications 3: 445–489.
Loikkanen, T.T. 1995. Public participation in natural resource management. European Forest Institute Proceedings 4: 19–25.
Lubchenco, J., A.M. Olson, L.B. Brubaker, S.R. Carpenter, M.M. Holland, S.P. Hubbell, S.A. Levin, J.A. MacMahon, P.A. Matson, J.M. Melillo, H.A. Mooney, C.H. Peterson, H.R. Pulliam, L.A. Real, P.J. Regal, and P.G. Risser. 1991. The sustainable biosphere initiative: An ecological research agenda. Ecology 72: 371–412.
Lucas, O.W.R. 1991. The Design of Forest Landscapes. Oxford University Press, New York.
McNab, W.H., and P.E. Avers. 1994. Ecological subregions of the United States: section descriptions. USDA Forest Service, WO-WSA-5, Washington, DC.
Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe. Helsinki 16-17 June 1993. European list of criteria and most suitable quantitative indicators. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry in Finland, 1994.
Monnig, E., and J. Byler. 1992. Forest health and ecological integrity in the Northern Rockies. USDA Forest Service Forest Pest Management Report 92.7.
Morrissey, W.A. 1995. Ecosystem management tools and techniques. Proceedings of the Congressional Research Service Workshop. Library of Congress, 95, 430 SRP, Washington, DC.
Muggleton, S. 1990. Inductive Acquisition of Knowledge. Addison-Wesley, New York.
Noss, R.F., E.T. LaRoe III, and J.M. Scott. 1995. Endangered ecosystems of the United States: a preliminary assessment of loss and degradation. USDI National Biological Service. Biological Report 28.
Overbay, J.C. 1992. Ecosystem management. In: Taking an Ecological Approach to Management, Proceedings of the National Workshop, USDA Forest Service WO-WSA-3, April 27-30, 1992 (original not examined, definition quoted from Lackey 1995).
Risser, P.G., J. Lubchenco, and S.A. Levin. 1991. Biological research priorities: a sustainable biosphere. BioScience 41: 625–627.
Robertson, F.D. 1992. Ecosystem management on the National Forests and Grasslands. USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC. 1330-31 policy letter, June 4, 1992.
Rumbaugh, J., M. Blaha, W. Pramerlani, F. Eddy, and W. Lorensen. 1991. Object-Oriented Modeling and Design. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Saarenmaa, H., J. Perttunen, J. Vakeva, and A. Nikula. 1994. Object-oriented modeling of tasks and agents in integrated forest health management. AI Applications 8: 43–59.
Saarenmaa, H., J. Perttunen, J. Vakeva, and J.M. Power. 1995. Multiagent problem solving and object-oriented decision support systems for natural resource management. AI Applications 9: 99–111.
Salminen, H., H. Saarenmaa, J. Perttunen, R. Sievänen, J. Väkevä, and E. Nikinmaa. 1994. Modeling trees using an object-oriented scheme. Mathematics and Computer Modelling 20: 49–64.
Salwasser, H. 1994. Ecosystem management: can it sustain diversity and productivity. Journal of Forestry 92: 6–11.
Sample, V.A. 1991. Land Stewardship in the Next Era of Conservation. Grey Towers Press, Milford, PA.
Schneider, D.C. 1994. Quantitative Ecology. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
Scott, A.C., J.E. Clayton, and E.L. Gibson. 1991. A Practical Guide to Knowledge Acquistition. Addison-Wesley, New York.
Sedjo, R.A. 1995. Toward an operational definition of ecosystem management (Keynote). In Analysis in support of ecosystem management. J.E. Thompson (ed.). USDA Forest Service, Ecosystem Management Analysis Center, Washington, DC.
Slocombe, D.S. 1993. Implementing ecosystem-based management. BioScience 43: 612–622.
Steinke, A., D.G. Green, and D.J. Peters. 1996. On-line environmental geographic information systems. In: INTERNET Applications And Electronic Information Resources in Forestry and Environmental Sciences. H. Saarenmaa and A. Kempf (eds.). European Forest Institute Proceedings 10: 91–100.
Thomas, J.W. 1994. Forest ecosystem management assessment team: objectives, processes, and options. Journal of Forestry 92: 12–19.
Thompson, J.E. 1995. Analysis in support of ecosystem management. USDA Forest Service, Ecosystem Management Analysis Center, Washington, DC.
Urban, D.L. 1993. Landscape ecology and ecosystem management. In: Sustainable Ecological Systems: Implementing an Ecological Approach to Land Management. W.W. Covington and L.F. DeBano (eds.). USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-247.
USDA Forest Service. 1996. Forest health for the Nation's future: A policy and strategic direction. Washington, DC.
Van Dyne, G.M. 1969. The Ecosystem Concept in Natural Resource Management. Academic Press, New York.
Väkevä, J.J. Perttunen, H., Saarenmaa, and J. Saarikko. 1996. A diagnostic information service about damaging agents of trees in the World Wide Web. In: INTERNET Applications And Electronic Information Resources in Forestry and Environmental Sciences. H. Saarenmaa and A. Kempf (eds.). European Forest Institute Proceedings 10: 131–139.
Vogt, K.A., J.C. Gordon, J.P. Wargo, D.J. Vogt, H. Asbjornsen, P.A. Palmiotto, H.J. Clark, J.L. O'Hara, W.S. Keaton, T. Patel-Weynand, and E. Witten. 1997. Ecosystems: Balancing Science with Management. Springer-Verlag, New York.
Watt, K.F.E. 1968. Ecology and Resource Management: A Quantitative Approach. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Wilson, E.O. (ed.). 1992. Biodiversity, National Academy Press. Washington, DC.
Wondolleck, J. 1988. Public Lands: Conflict and Resolution. Plenum Press, New York.
Woodley, S., J. Kay, and G. Francis (eds.). 1993. Ecological Integrity and the Management of Ecosystems. St. Lucie Press.
Yoon, Y. 1995. Exploring the factors associated with expert systems success. MIS Quarterly 19: 83–106.
Zonneveld, I.S. 1990. Scope and concepts of landscape ecology as an emerging science. In: Changing Landscapes: An Ecological Perspective. I.S. Zonneveld and R.T.T. Forman (eds.). Springer-Verlag, New York.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Coulson, R.N., Saarenmaa, H., Daugherity, W.C., Rykiel, E.J., Saunders, M.C., Fitzgerald, J.W. (1999). A Knowledge System Environment for Ecosystem Management. In: Klopatek, J.M., Gardner, R.H. (eds) Landscape Ecological Analysis. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0529-6_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0529-6_5
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-6804-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-0529-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive