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Heart Failure and Pulmonary Hypertension in Women

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Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Women

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Abstract

Heart failure is characterized as a syndrome caused by cardiac dysfunction, leading to neurohormonal and circulatory abnormalities, resulting in the characteristic signs/symptoms of fluid retention, shortness of breath, and fatigue, particularly on exertion [1]. The worldwide prevalence and incidence continues to rise over time and is rapidly approaching epidemic proportions. In the United States alone, there are an estimated six million people living with heart failure and 670,000 new cases diagnosed each year, of which 320,000 of these are women [2]. This has led to an annual expenditure approaching nearly 39 billion dollars [2, 3].

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Acknowledgments

Alan Miller, MD

Professor of Medicine University of Florida College of Medicine – Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, US

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, ACC Building 5th floor 655 West 8th Street, Jacksonville, FL, 32209, USA

    Andrew Darlington DO, Jacinta Green MD & Gladys P. Velarde MD, FACC

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  1. Andrew Darlington DO
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  2. Jacinta Green MD
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  3. Gladys P. Velarde MD, FACC
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Correspondence to Gladys P. Velarde MD, FACC .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cardiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA

    Hanna Z. Mieszczanska

  2. Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, USA

    Gladys P. Velarde

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Darlington, A., Green, J., Velarde, G.P. (2014). Heart Failure and Pulmonary Hypertension in Women. In: Mieszczanska, H., Velarde, G. (eds) Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Women. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5517-1_8

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