Skip to main content

Hypertension in Women

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Women

Abstract

Hypertension affects nearly a billion people world-wide with more than 67 million of them diagnosed in the United States [1]. Known colloquially as the “silent killer,” hypertension, along with obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes, contributes to the development of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and renal disease. With nearly one in three Americans diagnosed with hypertension, increased responsibility has been placed upon medical providers to appropriately diagnose and treat the disease. In women, studies have supported they are generally more aware of their diagnosis when compared to men, and similarly treated with similar control [2]. Most concerning, however, is the underdiagnosis of hypertension in the primary care setting, with findings suggesting that less than 33 % of new cases of hypertension in women are appropriately diagnosed [3]. The goal of this chapter is to review the diagnosis, treatment, and special considerations present in women with hypertension.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Ong KL, Cheung BM, Man YB, et al. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among United States adults 1999–2004. Hypertension. 2007;49:69–75.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. National High Blood Pressure Education Program. The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Aug 2004. Report No.: 04–5230.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Schmittdiel J, Selby JV, Swain B, et al. Missed opportunities in cardiovascular disease prevention? Low rates of hypertension recognition for women at medicine and obstetrics-gynecology clinics. Hypertension. 2011;57:717–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Owan TE, Redfield MM. Epidemiology of diastolic heart failure. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2005;47:320–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Gu Q, Burt VL, Dillon CF, et al. Trends in antihypertensive medication use and blood pressure control among United States adults with hypertension: the National Health and Nutrition Examination survey, 2001 to 2010. Circulation. 2012;126:2105–14.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Ames M, Rueda J, Caughey AB, et al. Ambulatory management of chronic hypertension in pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2012;55:744–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Von Dadelszen P, Ornstein MP, Bull SB, et al. Fall in mean arterial pressure and fetal growth restriction in pregnancy hypertension: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2000;355:87–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Yoder S, Thornburg LL, Bisognano JD. Hypertension in pregnancy and women of childbearing age. Am J Med. 2009;122:890–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. James PR, Nelson-Piercy C, et al. Management of hypertension before, during, and after pregnancy. Heart. 2004;90:1499–504.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Magee LA, Elran E, Bull SB, et al. Risks and benefits of beta-receptor blockers for pregnancy hypertension: overview of the randomized trials. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2000;88:15–26.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Olin JW. Recognizing and managing fibromuscular dysplasia. Cleve Clin J Med. 2007;74:273–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, et al. Prevalence of obesity in the United States, 2009–2010. NCHS Data Brief. 2012;82:1–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Bradley TD, Floras JS. Obstructive sleep apnea and its cardiovascular consequences. Lancet. 2009;373:82–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Millman RP, Carlisle CC, Eveloff SE, et al. Body fat distribution and sleep apnea severity in women. Chest. 1995;107:362–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Kapsimalis F, Kryger MH. Gender and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, part 2: mechanisms. Sleep. 2002;25:497–504.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Tasali E, Van Cauter E, Ehrmann DA. Polycystic ovary syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Med Clin. 2008;3:37–46.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Kapsimalis F, Kryger MH. Gender and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, part 1: clinical features. Sleep. 2002;25:409–13.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Okcay A, Somers VK, Caples SM. Obstructive sleep apnea and hypertension. J Clin Hypertens. 2008;10:549–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Nieto FJ, Young TB, Lind BK, et al. Association of sleep-disordered breathing, sleep apnea, and hypertension in a large community-based study. JAMA. 2000;283:1829–36.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Illena Antonetti MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer-Verlag London

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Antonetti, I., Bisognano, J.D. (2014). Hypertension in Women. In: Mieszczanska, H., Velarde, G. (eds) Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Women. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5517-1_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5517-1_12

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-5516-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-5517-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics