Basic Principles of Robotic Surgery

Abstract

The utilization of robotic assistance in pediatric urological surgery offers the potential to improve clinical outcomes and reduce complications through minimally invasive techniques. Nevertheless, there exist few resources on robotic surgery that provide a combined discussion of historical perspectives, technical considerations, and practical implementation strategies in the setting of pediatric urology. In this chapter, we draw on expertise from experienced robotic pediatric urologists to describe principles of robotic surgery in current practice. First, we present a brief historical perspective on robotic surgery in pediatric urology and a stakeholder-based analysis of the growing use of robotic assistance. We then discuss specific considerations with regard to anesthesia, patient positioning, port placement, and instrumentation unique to the pediatric urological population. A practical approach to surgeon training and team building is outlined. Finally, we explore the promise, challenges, and limitations of robotic assistance in pediatric urology.