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The Reality of Aging Viewed from the Arterial Wall

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Blood Pressure and Arterial Wall Mechanics in Cardiovascular Diseases

Abstract

The main function of central arteries is to transform the pulsatile flow generated by the heart into an almost continuous distal flow. Major changes in the arterial wall ensue with aging, and are characterized by endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle proliferation, elastin fragmentation, fibrosis, amyloid protein deposition, and calcification. These processes are driven by a proinflammatory microenvironment that features increased production of angiotensin II (Ang II) and its downstream signaling cascade. The aforementioned structural changes result in a loss of the dampening function of central arteries, widening of pulse pressure, and subsequent adverse effects on the heart and end-organ systems, i.e. the brain and kidneys.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Human Cardiovascular Studies Unit, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21114, USA

    Majd AlGhatrif MD

  2. Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Majd AlGhatrif MD

  3. Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Room 09B116, Baltimore, MD, 21224-6825, USA

    Edward G. Lakatta MD

  4. Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, IRP, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224-6825, USA

    Edward G. Lakatta MD

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  1. Majd AlGhatrif MD
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Correspondence to Edward G. Lakatta MD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Hôtel-Dieu Hospital Diagnosis and Therapeutics Center, Paris Descartes University, Paris, Paris, France

    Michel E. Safar

  2. St Vincent Clinic and Hospital, University of New South Wales, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Michael F. O'Rourke

  3. Department of Cardiology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

    Edward D. Frohlich

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AlGhatrif, M., Lakatta, E.G. (2014). The Reality of Aging Viewed from the Arterial Wall. In: Safar, M., O'Rourke, M., Frohlich, E. (eds) Blood Pressure and Arterial Wall Mechanics in Cardiovascular Diseases. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5198-2_12

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