Skip to main content

Psychosocial Factors in NTOS

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
  • 3239 Accesses

Abstract

Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome is a chronic pain syndrome that may take years to be diagnosed. Years of undiagnosed or undertreated chronic pain can lead to anger, confusion, frustration, depression, family strains, and financial difficulties. This may lead to social isolation, loss of social support, and loss of employment.

This chapter discusses the importance of incorporating psychosocial factors into treatment plans for neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome. Psychosocial factors affect a patient’s response to pain and treatment outcomes. Adequate social supports, treatment of depression, patient educational level, financial means, and encouraging return to work may improve patient’s treatment course.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Sanders RJ, Hammond SL, Rao NM. Diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome. J Vasc Surg. 2007;46(3):601–4 (Review. PubMed PMID: 17826254).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Sanders RJ, Rao NM. The forgotten pectoralis minor syndrome: 100 operations for pectoralis minor syndrome alone or accompanied by neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome. Ann Vasc Surg. 2010;24(6):701–8 (Epub 14 May 2010. PubMed PMID: 20471786).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Morley S. Psychology of pain. Br J Anaesth. 2008;101(1):25–31 (Epub 28 May 2008. Review. PubMed PMID: 18511440).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Richardson JC. Establishing the (extra)ordinary in chronic widespread pain. Health (London). 2005;9(1):31–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Franklin GM, Fulton-Kehoe D, Bradley C, Smith-Weller T. Outcome of surgery for thoracic outlet syndrome in Washington state workers’ compensation. Neurology. 2000;54(6):1252–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Sanders RJ, Hammond SL, Rao NM. Thoracic outlet syndrome: a review. Neurologist. 2008;14(6):365–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Hendler NH, Kozikowski JG. Overlooked physical diagnoses in chronic pain patients involved in litigation. Psychosomatics. 1993;34(6):494–501 (PubMed PMID: 8284339).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Hendler N, Bergson C, Morrison C. Overlooked physical diagnoses in chronic pain patients involved in litigation, part 2. The addition of MRI, nerve blocks, 3-D CT, and qualitative flow meter. Psychosomatics. 1996;37(6):509–17 (PubMed PMID: 8942201).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Samarasam I, Sadhu D, Agarwal S, Nayak S. Surgical management of thoracic outlet syndrome: a 10-year experience. ANZ J Surg. 2004;74(6):450–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Watson LA, Pizzari T, Balster S. Thoracic outlet syndrome part 1: clinical manifestations, differentiation and treatment pathways. Man Ther. 2009;14(6):586–95 (Epub 9 Sep 2009. Review. PubMed PMID: 19744876).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Landry GJ, Moneta GL, Taylor Jr LM, Edwards JM, Porter JM. Long-term functional outcome of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome in surgically and conservatively treated patients. J Vasc Surg. 2001;33(2):312–7, discussion 317–9 (PubMed PMID: 11174783).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Fugate MW, Rotellini-Coltvet L, Freischlag JA. Current management of thoracic outlet syndrome. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2009;11(2):176–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Dempsey PG, Burdorf A, Webster BS. The influence of personal variables on work-related low-back disorders and implications for future research. J Occup Environ Med. 1997;39(8):748–59 (Review. PubMed PMID: 9273879).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Block AR, Ohnmeiss DD, Guyer RD, Rashbaum RF, Hochschuler SH. The use of presurgical psychological screening to predict the outcome of spine surgery. Spine J. 2001;1(4):274–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Schultz IZ, Crook JM, Berkowitz J, Meloche GR, Milner R, Zuberbier OA, Meloche W. Biopsychosocial multivariate predictive model of occupational low back disability. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2002;27(23):2720–5 (PubMed PMID: 12461399).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Trief PM, Grant W, Fredrickson B. A prospective study of psychological predictors of lumbar surgery outcome. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000;25(20):2616–21 (PubMed PMID: 11034646).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. LaCaille RA, DeBerard MS, Masters KS, Colledge AL, Bacon W. Presurgical biopsychosocial factors predict multidimensional patient: outcomes of interbody cage lumbar fusion. Spine J. 2005;5(1):71–8 (PubMed PMID: 15653087).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Celestin J, Edwards RR, Jamison RN. Pretreatment psychosocial variables as predictors of outcomes following lumbar surgery and spinal cord stimulation: a systematic review and literature synthesis. Pain Med. 2009;10(4):639–53 (Review. PubMed PMID: 19638142).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. van Tulder M, Becker A, Bekkering T, Breen A, del Real MT, Hutchinson A, Koes B, Laerum E, Malmivaara A. COST B13 working group on guidelines for the management of acute Low back pain in primary care. Chapter 3. European guidelines for the management of acute nonspecific low back pain in primary care. Eur Spine J. 2006;15 Suppl 2:S169–91 (PubMed PMID: 16550447).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Anderson PA, Schwaegler PE, Cizek D, Leverson G. Work status as a predictor of surgical outcome of discogenic low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006;31(21):2510–5 (PubMed PMID: 17023863).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Axelrod DA, Proctor MC, Geisser ME, Roth RS, Greenfield LJ. Outcomes after surgery for thoracic outlet syndrome. J Vasc Surg. 2001;33(6):1220–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Badley EM, Ibañez D. Socioeconomic risk factors and musculoskeletal disability. J Rheumatol. 1994;21(3):515–22.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Schade V, Semmer N, Main CJ, Hora J, Boos N. The impact of clinical, morphological, psychosocial and work-related factors on the outcome of lumbar discectomy. Pain. 1999;80(1–2):239–49.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Turk DC, Audette J, Levy RM, Mackey SC, Stanos S. Assessment and treatment of psychosocial comorbidities in patients with neuropathic pain. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010;85(3 Suppl):S42–50 (Review. PubMed PMID: 20194148; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2844010).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Jordan SE, Ahn SS, Gelabert HA. Differentiation of thoracic outlet syndrome from treatment-resistant cervical brachial pain syndromes: development and utilization of a questionnaire, clinical examination and ultrasound evaluation. Pain Physician. 2007;10(3):441–52. Erratum in: Pain Physician. 2007;10(4):599 (PubMed PMID: 17525778).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Poleshuck EL, Green CR. Socioeconomic disadvantage and pain. Pain. 2008;136(3):235–8 (Epub 28 Apr 2008. Review. PubMed PMID: 18440703; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2488390).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Castro AR, Siqueira SR, Perissinotti DM, Teixeira MJ, Siqueira JT. Emotional aspects of chronic orofacial pain and surgical treatment. Int J Surg. 2009;7(3):196–9 (Epub 2009 Mar 10. PubMed PMID: 19281877).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Klaber Moffett JA, Newbronner E, Waddell G, Croucher K, Spear S. Public perceptions about low back pain and its management: a gap between expectations and reality? Health Expect. 2000;3(3):161–8 (PubMed PMID: 11281925).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Novak CB, Collins ED, Mackinnon SE. Outcome following conservative management of thoracic outlet syndrome. J Hand Surg Am. 1995;20(4):542–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Lewis M, Morley S, van der Windt DA, Hay E, Jellema P, Dziedzic K, Main CJ. Measuring practitioner/therapist effects in randomised trials of low back pain and neck pain interventions in primary care settings. Eur J Pain. 2010;14(10):1033–9 (Epub 4 May 2010. PubMed PMID: 20444631).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Johnston V, Jull G, Souvlis T, Jimmieson NL. Interactive effects from self-reported physical and psychosocial factors in the workplace on neck pain and disability in female office workers. Ergonomics. 2010;53(4):502–13 (PubMed PMID: 20309746).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Ozegovic D, Carroll LJ, Cassidy JD. What influences positive return to work expectation? Examining associated factors in a population-based cohort of whiplash-associated disorders. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2010;35(15):E708–13 (PubMed PMID: 20535047).

    Google Scholar 

  33. Green RM, McNamara J, Ouriel K. Long-term ­follow-up after thoracic outlet decompression: an analysis of factors determining outcome. J Vasc Surg. 1991;14(6):739–45, discussion 745–6 (PubMed PMID: 1960804).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michelle M. Dugan MSN, FNP-BC .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag London

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Dugan, M.M. (2013). Psychosocial Factors in NTOS. In: Illig, K., Thompson, R., Freischlag, J., Donahue, D., Jordan, S., Edgelow, P. (eds) Thoracic Outlet Syndrome. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4366-6_37

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4366-6_37

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-4365-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-4366-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics