Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Damage Assessment of Inelastic Structures Under Worst Earthquake Loads

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Improving the Earthquake Resilience of Buildings

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Reliability Engineering ((RELIABILITY))

  • 2135 Accesses

Abstract

Earthquakes continue to claim thousands of lives and to damage structures every year. In fact, each earthquake brings out new surprises and lessons with it. For instance, the unexpected loss of lives and the severe damage of infrastructures and buildings during past strong earthquakes (e.g., 1994 Northridge, 1995 Kobe, 2010 Haiti and the most recent 2011 Tohoku earthquakes) have raised significant concern and questions on life safety and performance of engineering structures under possible future earthquakes. The occurrence of strong earthquakes in densely populated regions, especially in developing countries with vulnerable building stock and fragile infrastructure, could lead to catastrophic consequences. A notable example is the 2010 Haiti earthquake that killed 250,000 people and left a long-term suffering for the residents of this developing country.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Comartin C, Brvez S, Naeim F, Greene M, Blondet M, Cherry S, D’Ayala D, Farsi M, Jain SK, Pantelic J, Sarnant L, Sassu M (2004) A challenge to the earthquake engineering professionals. Earthq Spectra 20(4):1049–1056

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. USGS/EERI Advance Reconnaissance Team (2010) The Mw7.0 Haiti earthquake of January 12, 2010

    Google Scholar 

  3. Takewaki I, Murakami S, Fujita K, Yoshitomi S, Tsuji M (2011) The 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake and response of high-rise buildings under long-period ground motions. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 31(11):1511–1528

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Abbas AM, Manohar CS (2007) Reliability-based vector nonstationary random critical earthquake excitations for parametrically excited systems. Struct Saf 29:32–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Moustafa A (2009) Critical earthquake load inputs for multi-degree-of-freedom inelastic structures. J Sound Vib 325:532–544

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Moustafa A (2011) Damage-based design earthquake loads for SDOF inelastic structures. J Struct Eng (ASCE) 137(3):456–467

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Moustafa A, Takewaki I (2010) Modeling critical strong ground motion sequences on inelastic structures. Adv Struct Eng 13(4):665–679

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Moustafa A (2009) Discussion of the effect of energy concentration of earthquake ground motions on the nonlinear response of RC structures. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 29:1181–1183

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Moustafa A (2009) Discussion of a new approach of selecting real input ground motions for seismic design: the most unfavourable real seismic design ground motions. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 38:1143–1149

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Takewaki I (2002) Seismic critical excitation method for robust design: a review. J Struct Eng (ASCE) 128:665–672

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Takewaki I (2007) Critical excitation methods in earthquake engineering. Elsevier Science, The Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  12. Penelis GG, Kappos AJ (1997) Earthquake-resistant concrete structures. E & FN SPON, London

    Google Scholar 

  13. Pinho R (2007) Nonlinear dynamic analysis of structures subjected to seismic action. In: Pecker A (ed) Advanced earthquake engineering analysis. Springer Wien, NY

    Google Scholar 

  14. McGuire RK (1995) Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and design earthquake: closing the loop. Bull Seism Soc Am 85:1275–1284

    Google Scholar 

  15. Reiter L (1990) Earthquake hazard analysis. Columbia University Press, NY

    Google Scholar 

  16. Akiyama H (1985) Earthquake-resistant limit-state design for buildings. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  17. Otani S (1981) Hysteretic models of reinforced concrete for earthquake response analysis. J Fac Eng Univ Tokyo 36(2):407–441

    Google Scholar 

  18. Takeda T, Sozen MA, Nielsen N (1970) Reinforced concrete response to simulated earthquakes. J Struct Div 96(ST12):2557–2573

    Google Scholar 

  19. Fardis MN (ed) (2010) Advances in performance-based earthquake engineering. Springer, NY

    Google Scholar 

  20. Priestely MJN, Calvi GM, Kowalsky MJ (2007) Displacement-based seismic design of structures. IUSS Press, Pavia

    Google Scholar 

  21. Takewaki I (2009) Building control with passive dampers. Wiley, Singapore

    Book  Google Scholar 

  22. Elishakoff I, Ohsaki M (2010) Optimization and anti-optimization of structures under uncertainty. Imperial College Press, Singapore

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  23. Haldar A (ed) (2006) Recent developments in reliability-based civil engineering. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pt. Ltd, Singapore

    Google Scholar 

  24. Liang QQ (2005) Performance-based optimization of structures. Spon Press, NY

    Book  Google Scholar 

  25. Plevris V (2009) Innovative computational techniques for the optimum structural design considering uncertainties. Ph. D. dissertation, Institute of Structural Analysis and Seismic Research, National Technical University of Athens, June 2009

    Google Scholar 

  26. Kalkan E, Luco N (eds) (2011) Earthquake ground motion selection and modification for nonlinear dynamic analysis of structures. J Struct Eng 137(3):277–467

    Google Scholar 

  27. Papadrakakis M, Charmpis DC, Lagaros ND, Tsompanakis Y (eds) (2009) Computational structural dynamics and earthquake engineering. Taylor and Francis, London

    Google Scholar 

  28. Tsompanakis Y, Lagaros ND, Papadrakakis M (eds) (2008) Structural design optimization considering uncertainties. Taylor and Francis, London

    Google Scholar 

  29. Strasser FO, Bommer JJ (2009) Review: strong ground motions—Have we seen the worst? Bull Seismol Soc Am 99(5):2613–2637

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Housner GW, Jennings PC (1975) The capacity of extreme earthquake motions to damage structures. Structural and geotechnical mechanics: A volume honoring N.M. Newmark. In: WJ Hall (ed). Prentice-Hall Englewood Cliff, NJ, pp 102–116

    Google Scholar 

  31. Elnashai A, Bommer JJ, Martinez-Pereira A (1998) Engineering implications of strong-motion records from recent earthquakes. In: Proceedings of 11th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Paris, CD-ROM

    Google Scholar 

  32. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (2011) (http://peer.berkeley.edu/peer_ground_motion_database)

  33. Baker JW, Cornell CA (2006) Spectral shape, epsilon and record selection. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 35:1077–1095

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Baker JW (2011) Conditional Mean Spectrum: Tool for ground motion selection. J Struct Eng 137(3):322–331

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Baker JW, Lin T, Shahi SK, Jayaram N (2011) New ground motion selection procedures and selected motions for the PEER transportation research program. PEER Tech Rep 2011(03):106p

    Google Scholar 

  36. Bommer JJ, Acevedo AB (2004) The use of real earthquake accelerograms as input to dynamic analysis. J Earthq Eng 1:43–91

    Google Scholar 

  37. Buratti N, Stafford PJ, Bommer JJ (2011) Earthquake accelerogram selection and scaling procedures for estimating the distribution of drift response. J Struct Eng 137(3):345–357

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Haselton C, Baker JW, Liel AB, Deierlein GG (2011) Accounting for ground motion spectral shape characteristics in structural collapse assessment through an adjustment for epsilon. J Struct Eng 137(3):332–344

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Moustafa A, Ueno K, Takewaki I (2010) Critical earthquake loads for SDOF inelastic structures considering evolution of seismic waves. Earthq Struct 1(2):147–162

    Google Scholar 

  40. Fujita K, Moustafa A, Takewaki I (2010) Optimal placement of viscoelastic dampers and supporting members under variable critical excitations. Earthq Struct 1(1):43–67

    Google Scholar 

  41. Saikat S, Manohar CS (2005) Inverse reliability based structural design for system dependent critical earthquake loads. Probab Eng Mech 20:19–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Takewaki I (2002) Robust building stiffness design for variable critical excitations. J Struct Eng (ASCE) 128(12):1565–1574

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Moustafa A (2010) Identification of resonant earthquake ground motion. Indian Acad Sci 35(3):355–371

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  44. Moustafa A (2010) Discussion of analytical model of ground motion pulses for the design and assessment of seismic protective systems. J Struct Eng 137(1):229–230

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  45. Moustafa A (2010) Closure to discussion of critical earthquake load inputs for multi-degree-of-freedom inelastic structures. J Sound Vib 330:356–360

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Hart GC, Wong K (2000) Structural dynamics for structural engineers. Wiley, NY

    Google Scholar 

  47. Kalkan E, Kunnath SK (2008) Relevance of absolute and relative energy content in seismic evaluation of structures. Adv Struct Eng 11(1):1–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Uang C-M, Bertero VV (1990) Evaluation of seismic energy in structures. Earth Eng Struct Dyn 19:77–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Takewaki I (2004) Bound of earthquake input energy. J Struct Eng (ASCE) 130:1289–1297

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Zahrah TF, Hall WJ (1984) Earthquake energy absorption in sdof structures. J Struct Eng 110:1757–1772

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Cosenza C, Manfredi G, Ramasco R (1993) The use of damage functionals in earthquake engineering: a comparison between different methods. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 22:855–868

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Ghobara A, Abou-Elfath H, Biddah A (1999) Response-based damage assessment of structures. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 28:79–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Powell GH, Allahabadi R (1988) Seismic damage predications by deterministic methods: concept and procedures. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 16(5):719–734

    Google Scholar 

  54. Khashaee P (2004) Damage-based seismic design of structures. Earthq Spectra 21(2):371–387

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Fajfar P (1992) Equivalent ductility factors, taking into account low-cyclic fatigue. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 21:837–848

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Park YJ, Ang AH-S (1985) Mechanistic seismic damage model for reinforced concrete. J Struct Eng 111(4):722–739

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Park YJ, Ang AH-S, Wen YK (1985) Seismic damage analysis of reinforced concrete buildings. J Struct Eng 111(4):740–757

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Park YJ, Ang AH-S, Wen YK (1987) Damage-limiting aseismic design of buildings. Earthq Spec 3(1):1–26

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  59. Abbas AM (2006) Critical seismic load inputs for simple inelastic structures. J Sound Vib 296:949–967

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Abbas AM, Manohar CS (2002) Investigations into critical earthquake load models within deterministic and probabilistic frameworks. Earthquake Eng Struct Dyn 31:813–832

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Arias A (1970) A measure of earthquake intensity: seismic design of nuclear power plants. MIT press, Cambridge, pp 438–468

    Google Scholar 

  62. Shinozuka M, Henry L (1965) Random vibration of a beam column. J Eng Mech 91:123–143

    Google Scholar 

  63. Shinozuka M (1970) Maximum structural response to seismic excitations. J Eng Mech 96:729–738

    Google Scholar 

  64. Takewaki I (2001) Probabilistic critical excitation for MDOF elastic-plastic structures on compliant ground. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 30:1345–1360

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Moustafa A (2002). Deterministic/reliability-based critical earthquake load models for linear/nonlinear engineering structures. Doctoral dissertation, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India

    Google Scholar 

  66. Arora JS (2004) Introduction to optimum design. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego

    Google Scholar 

  67. Boore DM (1983) Stochastic simulation of high-frequency ground motions based on seismological models of the radiated spectra. Bull Seismol Soc Am 1983(73):1865–1894

    Google Scholar 

  68. Brune JN (1970) Tectonic stress and the spectra of seismic shear waves from earthquakes. J Geoph Res 75:4997–5009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Hanks TG, McGuire RK (1981) The character of high frequency ground motions based on seismic shear waves. Bull Seismol Soc Am 71:2071–2095

    Google Scholar 

  70. Quek ST, Teo YP, Balendra T (1990) Non-stationary structural response with evolutionary spectra using seismological input model. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 19:275–288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Takewaki I (2008) Critical excitation methods for important structures, invited as a Semi-Plenary Speaker. EURODYN 2008, 7–9 July 2008, Southampton, England

    Google Scholar 

  72. COSMOS (2005) Consortium organizations for strong-motion observation systems. http://db.cosmos-eq.org/scripts/default.plx

  73. Caleman T, Branch MA, Grace A (1999) Optimization toolbox for the use with Matlab: user’s guide. The Math Works Inc., USA

    Google Scholar 

  74. Housner GW, Hudson DE (1958) The Port Hueneme earthquake of March 18, 1957. Bull Seism Soc Am 48:163–168

    Google Scholar 

  75. He WL, Agrawal AK (2008) Analytical model of ground motion pulses for the design and assessment of seismic protective systems. J Struct Eng 134(7):1177–1188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Kalkan E, Kunnath SK (2006) Effects of fling step and forward directivity on seismic response of buildings. Earthq Spectra 22(2):367–390

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Ueno K, Fujita K, Moustafa A, Takewaki I (2011) Critical input for inelastic structures under evolving seismic waves. J Struct Constr Eng AIJ 659:79–87 (in Japanese)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Bozorgenia Y, Bertero VV (2003) Damage spectra: Characteristics and applications to seismic risk reduction. J Struct Eng 129(4):1330–1340

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Mehanny SS, Deierlein GG (2000) Modeling of assessment of seismic performance of composite frames with reinforced concrete columns and steel beams. In: Report no. 135, the John Blume earthquake research center, Stanford University

    Google Scholar 

  80. Chai YH, Romstad KM, Bird SM (1995) Energy-based linear damage model for high-intensity seismic loading. J Struct Eng 121(5):857–864

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Abbas AM, Manohar CS (2005) Reliability-based critical earthquake load models. Part 2: nonlinear structures. J Sound Vib 287:883–900

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. Bozorgenia Y, Bertero VV (eds) (2004) Earthquake engineering. CRC Press, NY

    Google Scholar 

  83. Choi H, Kim J (2006) Energy-based design of buckling-restrained braced frames using hysteretic energy spectrum. Eng Struct 28:304–311

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  84. Conte JP, Peng BF (1997) Fully nonstationary analytical earthquake ground motion model. J Eng Mech 123:15–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Decanini LD, Mollaioli F (2001) An energy-based methodology for the assessment of seismic demand. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 21:113–137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Drenick RF (1977) The critical excitation of nonlinear systems. J Appl Mech 44(2):333–336

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  87. Fajfar P, Krawinkler H (1997) Seismic design methodologies for the next generation of codes. Balkema, Rotterdam

    Google Scholar 

  88. Goel RK (1997) Seismic response of asymmetric systems: energy-based approach. J Struct Eng 123(11):1444–1453

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. Iyengar RN (1972) Worst inputs and a bound on the highest peak statistics of a class of non-linear systems. J Sound Vib 25:29–37

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  90. Der Kiureghian A, Crempien J (1989) An evolutionary model for earthquake ground motion. Struct Saf 6:235–246

    Google Scholar 

  91. Mahin SA, Bertero VV (1981) An evaluation of inelastic seismic design spectra. J Struct Div 107(ST9):1777–1795

    Google Scholar 

  92. Moustafa A, Takewaki I (2011) Response of nonlinear SDOF structures to random acceleration sequences. Eng Struct 33(4):1251–1258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. Moustafa A, Takewaki I (2010) Deterministic and probabilistic representation of near-field pulse-like ground motion. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 30:412–422

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. Moustafa A, Takewaki I (2010) Characterization and modeling of near-fault pulse-like strong ground motion via damage-based critical excitation method. Struct Eng Mech 34(6):755–778

    Google Scholar 

  95. Moustafa A, Mahadevan S (2010) Probabilistic critical earthquake excitations using earthquake response spectra. Asian J Civil Eng (Build Hous) 11(3):295–319

    Google Scholar 

  96. Moustafa A, Takewaki I, Wijeyewickrema (2010) Selection of earthquake records for time-history analysis of structures. In: Joint 7th international conference on urban earthquake engineering and 5th international conference on earthquake engineering, 3–5 March, Tokyo, Japan

    Google Scholar 

  97. Nakashima M, Saburi K, Tsuji B (1996) Energy input and dissipation behavior of structures with hysteretic dampers. Earth Eng Struct Dyn 25:483–496

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. Newmark NM, Hall WJ (1982). Earthquake spectra and design, Monograph. Earthq Eng Res Inst (EERI)

    Google Scholar 

  99. Pecker A (ed) (2007) Advanced earthquake engineering analysis. Springer, Udine

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  100. Priestley MJN, Kowalsky MJ (2007) Displacement-based seismic design of structures. IUSS Press, Pavia

    Google Scholar 

  101. Riddell F (1995) Inelastic design spectra accounting for soil conditions. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 24:1491–1510

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. Philippacopoulos AJ, Wang PC (1984) Seismic inputs for nonlinear structures. J Eng Mech 110:828–836

    Article  Google Scholar 

  103. Sarkar A (2003) Linear stochastic dynamical system under uncertain load: inverse reliability analysis. J Eng Mech 129(6):665–671

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. SEAOC, Vision Committee (2002) Performance based seismic design engineering. Structural Engineers Association of California (SEAOC) Report, Sacramento, USA

    Google Scholar 

  105. Takewaki I (2011) The 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake and its impact on building structural design. In: Keynote paper (plenary speaker) at the ASEM11+ congress, 18–23 Sept 2011 in Seoul, Korea, pp 36–61

    Google Scholar 

  106. Westermo BD (1985) The critical excitation and response of simple dynamic systems. J Sound Vib 100:233–242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  107. Wong KKF, Yong R (2002) Earthquake response and energy evaluation of inelastic structures. J Eng Mech 128(3):308–317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  108. Yamaguchi H, El-Abd A (2003) Effect of energy input characteristics on hysteretic damper efficiency. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 32:827–843

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan

    Izuru Takewaki & Kohei Fujita

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Minia University, Minia, 61111, Egypt

    Abbas Moustafa

Authors
  1. Izuru Takewaki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Abbas Moustafa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kohei Fujita
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag London

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Takewaki, I., Moustafa, A., Fujita, K. (2013). Damage Assessment of Inelastic Structures Under Worst Earthquake Loads. In: Improving the Earthquake Resilience of Buildings. Springer Series in Reliability Engineering. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4144-0_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4144-0_9

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-4143-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-4144-0

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation