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Active 3D Imaging Systems

  • Chapter
3D Imaging, Analysis and Applications

Abstract

Active 3D imaging systems use artificial illumination in order to capture and record digital representations of objects. The use of artificial illumination allows the acquisition of dense and accurate range images of textureless objects that are difficult to acquire using passive vision systems. An active 3D imaging system can be based on different measurement principles that include time-of-flight, triangulation and interferometry. While time-of-flight and interferometry systems are briefly discussed, an in-depth description of triangulation-based systems is provided. The characterization of triangulation-based systems is discussed using both an error propagation framework and experimental protocols.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    A linear spot detector can be conceptually viewed as a conventional camera that has a singe row of pixels. Many linear spot detectors have been proposed in the past for 3D imaging [11].

  2. 2.

    The rotation matrix representing a rotation of θ around an axis [a,b,c]T of unit magnitude is

    $$\mathsf {R}_{\theta} = \begin{bmatrix} a^2(1-\cos\theta)+\cos\theta & a b (1- \cos\theta) - c \sin\theta & a c(1 - \cos\theta) + b \sin\theta\\ a b (1 - \cos\theta)+ c \sin\theta & b^2 (1-\cos\theta) + \cos \theta & b c(1 - \cos\theta) - a \sin\theta\\ a c (1 - \cos\theta) - b \sin\theta& b c (1- \cos\theta) + a \sin \theta& c^2 (1-\cos\theta)+\cos\theta \end{bmatrix} . $$
  3. 3.

    Fringe projection systems are a subset of structured light systems, but we use the two terms somewhat interchangeably in this chapter.

  4. 4.

    A confidence interval is an interval within which we are (1−α)100 % confident that a point measured under the presence of Gaussian noise (of known mean and variance) will be within this interval (we use α=0.05).

  5. 5.

    www.innovmetric.com.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    Marc-Antoine Drouin & Jean-Angelo Beraldin

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  1. Marc-Antoine Drouin
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  2. Jean-Angelo Beraldin
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Correspondence to Marc-Antoine Drouin .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science, University of York, Deramore Lane, Heslington, York, YO10 5GH, United Kingdom

    Nick Pears

  2. Department of Computer Science, Aberystwyth University, Llandinam Building, Ceredigion, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DB, United Kingdom

    Yonghuai Liu

  3. Institute of Geography and Earth Science, Aberystwyth University, Penglais Campus, Ceredigion, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DB, United Kingdom

    Peter Bunting

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Drouin, MA., Beraldin, JA. (2012). Active 3D Imaging Systems. In: Pears, N., Liu, Y., Bunting, P. (eds) 3D Imaging, Analysis and Applications. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4063-4_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4063-4_3

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