Abstract
In this article, the Pre-Warning (warning time) concept is developed: the time between an incident being noted by a member of staff (either directly or indirectly) and the raising of a general alarm. This represents the potential delay in staff response as they interpret their provision of cues and respond; a delay that may be procedural and/or cognitive. The theoretical basis of this concept is discussed, examples of incidents involving this factor are described, and data is examined from experiments and incidents to quantify the extent of the impact and the effect of this concept upon the ASET/RSET calculation. Examples of how Pre- Warning delay can influence RSET will be presented, along with a discussion of those procedures that are particularly susceptible to the delay and suggestions as to how this might be remedied.
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Gwynne, S., Purser, D., Boswell, D. (2011). Pre-Warning Staff Delay: A Forgotten Component in ASET/RSET Calculations. In: Peacock, R., Kuligowski, E., Averill, J. (eds) Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9725-8_22
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9725-8_22
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