Abstract
This paper identifies five grand challenges in the multidisciplinary field of pedestrian and evacuation dynamics (PED). In order to maximize the effectiveness of limited resources, the PED community would benefit greatly from a prioritized, consensus-based research agenda. The five proposed research initiatives include (1) a general human behavior model with a theoretical foundation and numerical validity, (2) a database archiving actual building emergency evacuations, (3) methods to embrace the stochastic nature of inputs and outcomes in building evacuation, (4) a validated method to integrate distributions of egress calculations with fire hazard calculations, and (5) adoption of technology for people movement, data collection, and within modeling constructs. The list proffered in this paper may reflect the building evacuation perspective of the author and is intended merely as a spark for discussion amongst the greater PED community; a true consensus research agenda requires deliberation by leaders in the community.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Report of the National Fire Service Research Agenda Symposium, National Fire Service Research Agenda Symposium. Emmitsburg, MD (2005) (http://www.everyonegoeshome.com/initiatives.html)
Grand Challenges for Disaster Reduction. A Report of the Subcommittee on Disaster Reduction. National Science and Technology Council. Washington, D.C. (2005)
Kuligowski, E.; Peacock, R. “Review of Building Evacuation Models.” NIST Technical Note 1471; Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol., Gaithersburg, MD (2005)
Proulx, G. “Occupant Behavior and Evacuation.” NRCC-44983, Nat. Res. Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario (2001)
Kuligowski, E. “Modeling Human Behavior During Building Fires.” NIST Technical Note 1619, Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol., Gaithersburg, MD (2008)
Predtechenskii, V.M. and Milinskii, A.I.: Planning for Foot Traffic in Buildings, Amerind Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (1978)
Fruin, J. J.: Pedestrain Planning and Design. (Revised Edition), Elevator World, Inc., Mobile, AL (1987)
Jin, T: Visibility Through Fire Smoke, Journal of Fire and Flammability, 9, 135-155 (1978)
Pauls, J.: Movement of People. In: P.J.DiNenno, C. L. Beyler, R. L. P. Custer, W. D. Walton, J. M. Watts, D. Drysdale, and J. R. Hall (Eds.), The SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering (Second ed., pp. 3-263-3-285). Society of Fire Protection Engineers, Bethesda, MD (1995)
Gwynne, S.M.V. Conventions in the Collection and Use of Human Performance Data, NIST GCR 10-928, Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol., Gaithersburg, MD (2010)
Gwynne, S.M.V. The Standardization of Human Egress Data. In: 4th International Symposium on Human Behaviour in Fire 2009, Interscience Communications, Ltd, London (2009)
Galea E.R., Finney, K.M., Dixon, A.J.P., Siddiqui A., and Cooney D.P.: An analysis of human behaviour during aircraft evacuation situations using the AASK V3.0 database, The Aeronautical Journal, 107, 219-231 (2003)
Galea, E. R., Hulse, L., Day, R., Siddiqui, A., and Sharp, G.: The UK WTC 9/11 Evacuation Study: An Overview of the Methodologies Employed and Some Analysis Relating to Fatigue, Stair Travel Speeds, and Occupant Response Times. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Human Behaviour in Fire, Interscience Communications, Ltd, London (2009)
Peacock, R., Hoskins, B. and Kuligowski, E. Overall and Local Movement Speeds During Fire Drill Evacuations in Buildings Up to 31 Stories. In: Proceedings of the 5th Int. Conf. Pedestrian and Evac. Dynamics. Springer Publishing, Boston (2010)
Lord, J., Meacham, B., Moore., Fahy, R., and Proulx, G.: Guide for Evaluating the Predictive Capabilities of Computer Egress Models, NIST GCR 06-886, Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol., Gaithersburg, MD (2006)
Reina, G., Torero, J., Jahn, W., Stern-Gottfried, J., Ryder, N., Desanghered, S.,Lázaro, M., Mowrer, F., Coles, A., Joyeux, D., Alveare, Capotee, J., Jowseya, A., Abecassis-Empisa, C., and Reszkaa, P.: Fire Safety Journal, 44, Issue 4, 590-602 (2009)
ASTM E1355, Standard Guide for Evaluating Predictive Capability of Deterministic Fire Models, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohoken, PA (2005).
NFPA 101 Life Safety Code, Ch. 5.5 Design Fire Scenarios, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA (2009)
Robbins, A.P. and Wade, C. Characterizing Fire Scenarios Based on New Zealand Fire Incident Data. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Performance-Based Codes and Fire Safety Design Methods, 16-18 June 2010, Lund University, Sweden (2010)
Averill, J., Peacock, R., and Keeney, R.: Rethinking Egress: A Vision for the Future, NIST Technical Note 1647, Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol., Gaithersburg, MD (2009)
ISO 14798:2009: Lifts (elevators), escalators, and moving walks – Risk assessment and reduction methodology. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva (2009)
International Building Code. International Code Council, Country Club Hills, IL (2009)
NFPA 101: Life Safety Code. Natl. Fire Prot. Assoc., Quincy, MA (2009)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this paper
Cite this paper
Averill, J.D. (2011). Five Grand Challenges in Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics. In: Peacock, R., Kuligowski, E., Averill, J. (eds) Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9725-8_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9725-8_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-9724-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-9725-8
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)