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Functions of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor in the Gastrointestinal System

  • Chapter
Calcium-Sensing Receptor

Part of the book series: Endocrine updates ((ENDO,volume 19))

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Abstract

Rather than start at the oral cavity and work downwards along the entire gatrointestinal tract, consider the following: increases in extracellular calcium (Ca2+ o) have been shown to increase serum levels of immunoreactive gastrin (1), to stimulate gastric acid secretion in vivo (2), to modulate bile secretion (3,4) and to diminish rates of proliferation in colonocytes (5,6). This review will focus on the emerging body of work implicating the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) as being responsible for these functions. I shall also discuss experiments implicating the CaR in exocrine pancreatic function, in modulating the activity of volume-sensitive Cl2212; currents, regulating the secretion of parathyroid hormone-related protein and activating the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. These latter functions are important for small intestinal differentiation. In the spirit of a review, I will also note where the CaR has not yet been reported in the mammalian gastrointestinal system, but, if present, may have functional implications. Let us agree at the outset that unequivocal evidence for the modulation of gastrointestinal function by the CaR requires the use of rescued CaR knockout mice or studies of cells expressing dominant-negative CaR constructs. Without these controls, arguments about CaR function become akin to asserting that wind is caused by trees waving their branches (7).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Endocrine-Hypertension Division and Membrane Biology Program, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA

    R. John MacLeod

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  1. Endocrine-Hypertension Division Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Naibedya Chattopadhyay  & Edward M. Brown  & 

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MacLeod, R.J. (2003). Functions of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor in the Gastrointestinal System. In: Chattopadhyay, N., Brown, E.M. (eds) Calcium-Sensing Receptor. Endocrine updates, vol 19. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9256-7_6

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