Abstract
The concept of National Innovation Systems (NIS) initially developed by Freeman (1987, 1995), Lundvall (1992), and Nelson (1993) has proved to be a useful tool for the analysis at national, regional, and sectoral levels as well as for the design of policies to promote science and technology (S&T). Its considerable contribution reveals the role of the national institutional context as the main factor of economic growth based on innovation and learning.
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Notes
- 1.
1 Calculated using GDP purchasing-power parities.
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Gokhberg, L., Kuznetsova, T., Zaichenko, S. (2011). Russia: Universities in the Context of Reforming the National Innovation System. In: Göransson, B., Brundenius, C. (eds) Universities in Transition. Insight and Innovation in International Development. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7509-6_12
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