Skip to main content

Electronic Structure of Transparent Conducting Oxides

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Handbook of Transparent Conductors

Abstract

Metallic oxides are a materials class showing one of the greatest range of properties – superconducting, ferroelectric, ferromagnetic [1], multiferroic, magneto-resistive, dielectric, or conducting. Of particular interest are the so-called transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) and amorphous semiconducting oxides (ASOs). The TCOs are heavily used for flat panel displays, photovoltaic cells, low emissivity windows, electrochromic devices, sensors and transparent electronics [24]. Oxides are of particular interest because the metal-oxide bond is strong so that the oxides have a combination of a high heat of formation and a wide band gap, compared to any similar compound.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. C H Ahn, J M Triscone, J Mannhart, Nature 424 (2003) 1015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. D S Ginley, C Bright (eds) MRS Bull 25 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  3. I Hamberg, C G Gramquist, J App Phys 60 (1986) R123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. M Batzill, U Diebold, Prof Surf Sci 79 (2005) 47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. H Kawazoe, N Yasukawa, H Hyodo, M Kurita, H Yanagi, H Hosono, Nature 389 (1997) 939

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. J Robertson, J Phys C 12 (1979) 4767

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. K C Mishra, K H Johnson, P C Schmidt, Phys Rev B 51 (1995) 13972

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Y Mi, H Odaka, S Iwata, Jpn J App Phys 38 (1999) 3453

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. C Kilic, A Zunger, Phys Rev Lett 88 (2002) 095501

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. V T Agekyan, Phys Stat Solidi A 43 (1977) 11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. R G Egdell, W R Flavell, P Tavener, J Solid State Chem 51 (1984) 345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. H Odaka, S Iwata, N Taga, S Ohnishi, Y Kaneta, Y Shigesato, Jpn J App Phys 36 (1997) 5551

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. O N Mryasov, A J Freeman, Phys Rev B 64 (2001) 233111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. R L Weiher, R P Ley, J App Phys 37 (1966) 299

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. V Christou, M Etchells, O Renault, P J Dobson, OV Salata, J App Phys 88 (2000) 5180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. A Klein, App Phys Lett 77 (2000) 2009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. A Walsh, J L F DaSilva, S H Wei, C Korber, A Klein, L F J Piper, A DeMast, K E Smith, G Panaccione, P Torelli, D J Payne, A Bourlange, R G Egdell, Phys Rev Lett 100 (2008) 167402

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. P D C King, T D Veal, D J Payne, A Bourlange, R G Egdell, C F McConville, Phys Rev Lett 101 (2008) 116808

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. A Bourlange et al, App Phys Lett 92 (2008) 092117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. U Ozgur, Y I Alikov, C Liu, A Teke, M A Reshchikov, H Morkoc, J App Phys 98 (2005) 041301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. A F Kohan, G Ceder, D Morgan, C G van de Walle, Phys Rev B 61 (2000) 15019

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. A Schleife, F Fuchs, J Furthmuller, F Bechstedt, Phys Rev B 73 (2006) 245212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. M Usuda et al, Phys Rev B 66 (2002) 125101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. N Ueda, H Hosono, R Waseda, H Kawazoe, App Phys Lett 71 (1997) 933

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. M Orita, H Ohta, M Hirano, H Hosono, App Phys Lett 77 (2000) 4166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. R Asahi, A Wang, J R Babcock, N L Edleman, A W Metz, M A Lane, V P Dravid, C R Kannewurf, T J Marks, Thin Solid Films 411 (2002) 101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. J E Medvedeva, A J Freeman, Europhys Lett 69 (2005) 583

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. P Koffyberg, Phys Rev B 13 (1976) 4470

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. R C Whited, C J Flaten, W C Walker, Solid State Commun 13 (1973) 1903

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Y Dou, R G Egdell, D S L Law, N M Harrison, B G Searle, J Phys Cond Mat 10 (1998) 8447

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. M S Hybertsen, S G Louie, Phys Rev B 34 (1986) 5390

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. A Filippetti, N A Spaldin, Phys Rev B 67 (2003) 125109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. A D Becke, J Chem Phys 98 (1993) 5648

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. J Muscat, A Wander, N M Harrison, Chem Phys Lett 342 (2001) 397

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. J Robertson, P W Peacock, M D Towler, R Needs, Thin Solid Films 411 (2002) 96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. B M Bylander, L Kleinman, Phys Rev B 41 (1990) 7868

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. R Asahi, W Mannstadt, A J Freeman, Phys Rev B 59 (1999) 7486

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. C B Geller, W Wolf, S Picozzi, A Continenza, R Ashi, W Mannstadt, A J Freeman, E Wimmer, App Phys Lett 79 (2001) 368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. J Robertson, K Xiong, S J Clark, Thin Solid Films 496 (2006) 1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. J Robertson, K Xiong, S J Clark, Phys Stat Solidi B 243 (2006) 2054

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. L Kleinman, K Mednick, Phys Rev B 21 (1980) 1549

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. J Robertson, Phys Rev B 28 (1983) 3378

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. W Y Ching, Y N Xu, K Wong, Phys Rev B 40 (1989) 7684

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. X Nie, S H Wei, S B Zhang, Phys Rev B 65 (2002) 075111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. M Nolan, S R Elliott, Phys Chem Chem Phys 8 (2006) 5350

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. A Buljan, P Alemany, E Ruiz, J Phys Chem B 103 (1999) 8060

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. B J Ingram, T O Mason, R Asahi, K T Park, A J Freeman, Phys Rev B 64 (2001) 155114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. H Yanagi, S Inoue, K Ueda, H Kawazoe, N Hamada, J App Phys 88 (2000) 4159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. X Nie, S H Wei, S B Zhang, Phys Rev Lett 88 (2002) 066405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. R Nagarajan, A D Draeseke, A W Sleight, J Tate, J App Phys 89 (2001) 8022

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. D O Scanlon, A Walsh, B J Morgan, G W Watson, D J Payne, R G Egdell, Phys Rev B 79 (2009) 035101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. A Kudo, H Yanagi, H Hosono, H Kawazoe, App Phys Lett 73 (1998) 220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. H Ohta, M Orita, M Hirano, I Yagi, K Ueda, H Hosono, J App Phys 91 (2002) 3074

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. D Segev, S H Wei, Phys Rev B 71 (2005) 125129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. S B Zhang, S H Wei, App Phys Lett 80 (2002) 1376

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. T Minami, T Miyaia, T Yamamoto, Surf Coating Technol 108 (1998) 583

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. W Mönch, Phys Rev Lett 58 (1987) 1260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. W Mönch, Surface Sci 300 (1994) 928

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. J Tersoff, Phys Rev B 30 (1984) 4874

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. J Robertson, J Vac Sci Technol B 18 (2000) 1785

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. C G Walle, J Neugebauer App Phys Lett 70 (1997) 2577

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. S H Wei, A Zunger, App Phys Lett 72 (1998) 2011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. P W Peacock, J Robertson, J App Phys 92 (2002) 4712

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. J Robertson, B Falabretti, J App Phys 100 (2006) 014111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. W Walukiewicz, Physica B 302 (2001) 123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. S B Zhang, S H Wei, A Zunger, J App Phys 83 (1998) 3192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. S B Zhang, S H Wei, A Zunger, Phys Rev Lett 84 (2000) 1232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. A Zunger, App Phys Lett 83 (2003) 57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. C G van de Walle, J Neugebauer, Nature 423 (2003) 626

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. B Falabretti, J Robertson, J App Phys 102 (2007) 123703

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. H Hosono, J Non-Cryst Solids 352 (2006) 851

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. J Robertson, Phys Stat Solidi B 245 (2008) 1026

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. J R Bellingham, W A Phillips, C J Adkins, J Phys Condens Mat 2 (1990) 6207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. J R Bellingham, W A Phillips, C J Adkins, J Mats Sci Lett 11 (1992) 263

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. P W Anderson, Phys Rev 109 (1958) 1492

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. N F Mott, Phil Mag 19 (1969) 835

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. N F Mott, Phil Mag 22 (1970) 7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. J Robertson, Adv Phys 32 (1983) 361

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. J Singh, Phys Rev B 23 (1981) 4156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. T Tiedje, J M Cebulka, D L Morel, B Abeles, Phys Rev Lett 46 (1981) 1425; Solid State Commun 47 (1983) 493

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. G Allan, C Delerue, M Lannoo, Phys Rev B 57 (1998) 6933

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. R Atta-Fynn, P Biswas, P Ordejon, D A Drabold, Phys Rev B 69 (2004) 085207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. R A Street, Phys Rev Lett 49 (1982) 1187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. W A Harrison, Electronic structure, W A Freeman, San Francisco, 1979, p 480

    Google Scholar 

  85. N F Mott Adv Phys 58 (1977) 363; Phil Mag B 58 (1988) 369

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. J R Chelikowksy, M Schluter, Phys Rev B 15 (1977) 4020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. K Nomura, T Kamiya, H Ohta, K Ueda, M Hirano, H Hosono, App Phys Lett 85 (2004) 1993

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. K Nomura, H Ohta, K Ueda, T Kamiya, M Hirano, H Hosono, Science 300 (2003) 1269

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. K Nomura, H Ohta, A Takagi, T Kamiya, M Hirano, H Hosono, Nature 432 (2004) 488

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. H Q Chiang, J F Wager, R L Hofmann, J Jeong, A Keszler, App Phys Lett 86 (2005) 013503

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. W B Jackson, R L Hoffman, G S Herman, App Phys Lett 87 (2005) 193503

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. E Fortunato, A Pimentel, A Goncalves, A Marques, R Martins, Thin Solid Films 502 (2006) 704

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. B Yaglioglu, H Y Yeon, R Beresford, D C Paine, App Phys Lett 89 (2006) 062103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. P F Garcia, R S McLean, M H Reilly, G Nunes, App Phys Lett 82 (2003) 1117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. Navamathavan R et al, J Electrochem Soc 153 (2006) G385

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. S B Zhang, S H Wei, A Zunger, Phys Rev B 63 (2001) 075205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. J Robertson, Phys Rev B 30 (1984) 3520

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. K Nomura, T Kamiya, H Ohta, T Uruga, M Hirano, H Hosono, Phys Rev B 75 (2007) 035212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. K Nomura, T Kamiya, H Yanagi, H Hosono, App Phys Lett 92 (2008) 202117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. D Y Cho, J Song, K D Na, App Phys Lett 94 (2009) 112112

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. S. J. Clark for many band calculations.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. Robertson .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer US

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Robertson, J., Falabretti, B. (2011). Electronic Structure of Transparent Conducting Oxides. In: Ginley, D. (eds) Handbook of Transparent Conductors. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1638-9_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1638-9_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-1637-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-1638-9

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics