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Plasmaspheric Density Structures and Dynamics: Properties Observed by the CLUSTER and IMAGE Missions

  • Chapter
The Earth’s Plasmasphere

Abstract

Plasmaspheric density structures have been studied since the discovery of the plasmasphere in the late 1950s. But the advent of the Cluster and Image missions in 2000 has added substantially to our knowledge of density structures, thanks to the new capabilities of those missions: global imaging with Image and four-point in situ measurements with Cluster. The study of plasma sources and losses has given new results on refilling rates and erosion processes. Two-dimensional density images of the plasmasphere have been obtained. The spatial gradient of plasmaspheric density has been computed. The ratios between H+, He+ and O+ have been deduced from different ion measurements. Plasmaspheric plumes have been studied in detail with new tools, which provide information on their morphology, dynamics and occurrence. Density structures at smaller scales have been revealed with those missions, structures that could not be clearly distinguished before the global images from Image and the four-point measurements by Cluster became available. New terms have been given to these structures, like “shoulders”, “channels”, “fingers” and “crenulations”. This paper reviews the most relevant new results about the plasmaspheric plasma obtained since the start of the Cluster and Image missions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (IASB-BIRA), 3 Avenue Circulaire, 1180, Brussels, Belgium

    Fabien Darrouzet & Johan De Keyser

  2. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), NASA, Huntsville, AL, USA

    Dennis L. Gallagher

  3. Research and Scientific Support Department (RSSD), ESA, Noordwijk, The Netherlands

    Nicolas André

  4. Space, Telecommunications and Radioscience Laboratory (STAR), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

    Donald L. Carpenter

  5. Centre d’Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements (CESR), CNRS/Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France

    Iannis Dandouras

  6. Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement (LPCE), CNRS/Université d’Orléans, Orléans, France

    Pierrette M. E. Décréau

  7. Physics and Astronomy Department, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA

    Richard E. Denton

  8. Haystack Observatory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Westford, MA, USA

    John C. Foster

  9. Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), San Antonio, TX, USA

    Jerry Goldstein

  10. Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Mark B. Moldwin

  11. Center for Atmospheric Research, University of Massachusetts-Lowell (UML), Lowell, MA, USA

    Bodo W. Reinisch & Jiannan Tu

  12. Lunar and Planetary Laboratory (LPL), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

    Bill R. Sandel

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Darrouzet, F. et al. (2009). Plasmaspheric Density Structures and Dynamics: Properties Observed by the CLUSTER and IMAGE Missions. In: Darrouzet, F., De Keyser, J., Pierrard, V. (eds) The Earth’s Plasmasphere. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1323-4_4

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