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Clocks, Brain Function, and Dysfunction

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The Circadian Clock

Part of the book series: Protein Reviews ((PRON,volume 12))

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Abstract

Circadian clocks are present in nearly all tissues of an organism, including the brain. The brain is not only the site of the master coordinator of circadian rhythms located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), but also contains SCN-independent oscillators that regulate various functions such as feeding and mood-related behavior. Understanding how clocks receive and integrate environmental information and in turn control physiology under normal conditions is of importance because chronic disturbance of circadian rhythmicity can lead to serious health problems. Genetic modifications leading to disruption of normal circadian gene functions have been linked to a variety of psychiatric conditions including depression, seasonal affective disorder, feeding disorders and alcoholism. It appears that clock genes play an important role in limbic regions of the brain and influence the development of drug addiction. Furthermore, analyses of clock gene polymorphisms in diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) suggest a direct or indirect influence of circadian clock genes on brain function. In this chapter, we discuss the current knowledge and highlight the gaps of our understanding of how circadian timing influences the brain function.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Sonja Langmesser for editing and critically reading the manuscript. Our work is supported by the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) (CF), the Swiss National Science Foundation and the European Union Project EUCLOCK (UA).

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  1. Department of Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland

    Urs Albrecht

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  1. Céline Feillet
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    Urs Albrecht

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Feillet, C., Albrecht, U. (2010). Clocks, Brain Function, and Dysfunction. In: Albrecht, U. (eds) The Circadian Clock. Protein Reviews, vol 12. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1262-6_10

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