Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Handbook of Plant Breeding ((HBPB,volume 5))

Abstract

Fescues are very diverse grasses which are important components of natural, permanent, and intensively managed grasslands, lawns, and turfs, and are used for conservation purposes. Fescue (Festuca spp.) species can be divided into two groups; the broad-leaved fescues meadow fescue (F. pratensis Huds.) and tall fescue (F. arundinacea Schreb.), and the fine-leaved fescues. Fine fescues are grouped into Festuca rubra (red fescue) and Festuca ovina (sheep fescue) complexes or aggregates. The F. ovina group includes the hard fescue, sheep fescue, and blue fescues. The genus Festuca L. is distributed mostly in the temperate zones of both hemispheres; most abundant all around the Northern Hemisphere (Jenkin 1959).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aastveit, A.H. and Aastveit, K. 1989. Genetic variations and inheritance of quantitative characters in two populations of meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis, Huds.) and their hybrid. Hereditas 111:103–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alm, V. 2001. Comparative genome analyses of meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.): Genetic linkage mapping and QTL analyses of frost and drought tolerance. Doctor Scientiarum Thesis 2001:20, Agric Univ of Norway, ISBN 82-575-0469-6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alm, V., Fang, C., Busso, C.S., Devos, K.M., Vollan, K., Grieg, Z. and Rognli, O.A. 2003. A linkage map of meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) and comparative mapping with other Poaceae species. Theor. Appl. Genet. 108:25–40.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Armstead, I.P., Harper, J.A., Turner, L.B., Skøt, L., King, I.P., Humphreys, M.O., Morgan, W.G., Thomas, H.M. and Roderick, H.W. 2006. Introgression of crown rust (Puccinia coronata) resistance from meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) into Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum): genetic mapping and identification of associated molecular markers. Plant Pathol. 55:62–67.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Armstead, I.P., Skøt, L., Turner, L.B., Skøt, K., Donnison, I.S., Humphreys, M.O. and King, I.P. 2005. Identification of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne (L.)) and Meadow Fescue (Festuca pratensis (Huds.)) Candidate Orthologous Sequences to the Rice Hd1(Se1) and Barley HvCO1 CONSTANS-like Genes through Comparative Mapping and Microsynteny. New Phytol. 167:239–247.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Balfourier, F., Imbert, C. and Charmet, G. 2000. Evidence for phylogeographic structure in Lolium species related to the spread of agriculture in Europe. A cpDNA study. Theor. Appl. Genet. 101:131–138.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barker, R.E., Pfender, W.F. and Welty R.E. (2003) Selection for stem rust resistance in tall fescue and its correlation response with seed yield. Crop. Sci. 43:75–79

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker, R.E. and Welty, R.E. 1997. Registration of ORTFRR T94 and ORTFRR F94 tall fescue germplasm with resistance to stem rust. Crop. Sci. 37:134–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Beard, J.B. 1973. Turfgrass: Science and culture. Prentice Hall. Englewood Cliffs, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boller, B., Tanner, P., Schubiger, F.X. and Streckeisen, P. 2001. Selecting meadow fescue ecotypes for reduced susceptibility to bacterial wilt. In P. Monjardino, et al. (eds.), Breeding for stress tolerance in fodder crops and amenity grasses. Proceedings of the 23rd Meeting of the Fodder Crops and Amenity Grasse Section of EUCARPIA, Azores, Portugal. University of Azores, Terceira Island, pp. 103–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonos, S.A., Clarke, B.B., and Meyer, W.A. 2006. Breeding for disease resistance in major cool-season turfgrasses. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 44:213–234.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Borrill, M., Tyler, B.F., and Morgan, W.G. 1976. Studies in Festuca VII. Chromosome atlas (Part 2). An appraisal of chromosome race distribution and ecology, including F. pratensis var. apennina (De Not.) Hack,-tetraploid. Cytologia 41:219–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bouton, J.H., Latch, G.C.M., Hill, N.S., Hoveland, C.S., McCann, M.A., Watson, R.H., Parish, J.A., Hawkins, L.L. and Thompson, F.N. 2002. Reinfection of tall fescue cultivars with non-ergot alkaloid-producing endophytes. Agron J. 94:567–574.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bouton, J.H., Smith, S.R. Jr. and De Battista, J.P. 1992. Field screening for rhizome number in tall fescue. Crop. Sci. 32:686–689.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braverman, S.W. 1986. Disease resistance in cool-season forage and forage range and turf grass II. Bot. Rev. 52:1–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brummer, E.C. 1998. Molecular and cellular technologies in forage improvement: An overview In E.C. Brummer et al. (eds.), Molecular and cellular technologies in forage improvement. CSSA Spec. Publ. 26. CSSA, Madison, WI, pp. 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckner, R.C., Powell, J.B. and Frakes, R.V. 1979. Historical development. In R.C. Buckner, L.P. Bush (eds.) Tall fescue, Am Soc Agron, Madison, WI

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, I.T. and Hurst, S.M. 1989. Breeding tall fescue for improved rhizomatous spreading. In Proc. XVI Int. Grassland Cong. Nice, France.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casler, M.D. and Brummer, E.C. 2008. Theoretical Expected Genetic Gains for Among-and-Within-Family Selection Methods in Perennial Forage Crops. Crop. Sci. 48:890–902.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casler, M.D., Undersander, D.J., Fredericks, C., Combs, D.K. and Reed, J.D. 1998. An on-farm test of perennial forage grass varieties under management intensive grazing. J. Prod. Agric. 11:92–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casler, M.D. and van Santen, E. 2000. Patterns of variation in a collection of meadow fescue accessions. Crop. Sci. 40:248–255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casler, M.D. and van Santen, E. 2001. Performance of Meadow Fescue Accessions under Management-Intensive Grazing. Crop. Sci. 41:1946–1953.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casler, M.D. and Vogel, K.P. 1999. Accomplishments and impact from breeding for increased forage nutritional value. Crop. Sci. 39:12–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charmet, G., Ravel, C. and Balfourier, F. 1997. Phylogenetic analysis in the Festuca-Lolium complex using molecular markers and ITS rDNA. Theor. Appl. Genet. 94:1038–1046.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, L., Auh, C., Dowling, P., Bell, J., Chen, F., Hopkins, A., Dixon, R.A. and Wang, Z.-Y. 2003. Improved forage digestibility of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) by transgenic down-regulation of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase. Plant. Biotechnol. J. 1:437–449.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, L., Auh, C., Dowling, P., Bell, J., Lehmann, D. and Wang, Z.-Y. 2004. Transgenic down-regulation of caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) led to improved digestibility in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Func. Plant. Biol. 31:235–245.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cho, M.J., Ha, C.D. and Lemaux, P.G. 2000. Production of transgenic tall fescue and red fescue plants by particle bombardment of mature seed-derived highly regenerative tissues. Plant. Cell Rep. 19:1084–1089.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, B. B., White, J.F., Hurley Jr., R.H., Torres, M.S., Sun, S. and Huff, D.R. 2006. Endophyte-mediated suppression of dollar spot disease in fine fescues. Plant Dis. 90:994–998.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clayton, W.S. and Renvoize, S.A. 1986. Genera Graminum: Grasses of the world. Kew Bulletin Additional Series 13. London, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curley, J., Sim, S.C., Warnke, S., Leong, S. and Barker, R. 2005. QTL mapping of resistance to gray leaf spot in ryegrass. Theor. Appl. Genet. 111:1107–1117.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Darbyshire, S.J. 1993. Realignment of Festuca subgenus Schedonorus with the genus Lolium (Poaceae). Novon 3:239–243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dong, S. and Qu, R. 2005. High efficiency transformation of tall fescue with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Plant. Sci. 168:1453–1458.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dong, S., Shew, H.D., Tredway, L.P., Lu, J., Sivamani, E., Miller, E.S. and Qu, R. 2008. Expression of the bacteriophage T4 lysozyme gene in tall fescue confers resistance to gray leaf spot and brown patch diseases. Transgenic. Res. 17:47–57.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Donnison, I.S., O’Sullivan, D.M., Thomas, A., Canter, P., Moore, B., Armstead, I., Thomas, H., Edwards, K.J. and King, I.P. 2005. Construction of a Festuca pratensis BAC library for map-based cloning in Festulolium substitution lines. Theor. Appl. Genet. 110:846–851.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dzyubenko, N.I. and Dzyubenko, E.A. 2009. Interactive Agricultural Ecological Atlas of Russia and Neighboring Countries. http://www.agroatlas.ru/en/content/cultural/Festuca_pratensis_K/).

  • Ergon, Å., Fang, C., Jørgensen, ø., Aamlid, T.S. and Rognli, O.A. 2006. Quantitative trait loci controlling vernalisation requirement, heading time, and number of panicles in meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.). Theor. Appl. Genet. 112:232–242.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eujayl, I., Sledge, M.K., Wang, L., May, G.D., Chekhovskiy, K., Zwonitzer, J.C. and Mian, M.A.R. 2004. Medicago truncatula EST-SSRs reveal cross-species genetic markers for Medicago spp. Theor. Appl. Genet. 108:414–422.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fang, C. 2003. Comparative genome analyses, QTL mapping and genetic analyses of seed yield and related traits in meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.). Agricultural University of Norway. Doctor Scientiarum Thesis 2003:10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fang, C., Aamlid, T.S., Jørgensen, ø. and Rognli, O.A. 2004. Phenotypic and genotypic variation in seed production traits within a full-sib family of meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.). Plant Breed 123:241–246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fjellheim, S., Blomlie, Å.B., Marum, P. and Rognli, O.A. 2007. Phenotypic variation in local populations and cultivars of meadow fescue–potential for improving cultivars by utilizing wild germplasm. Plant Breed 126:279–286.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fjellheim, S., Pasakinskiene, I., Grønnerød, S., Paplauskiene, V. and Rognli, O.A. 2009. Genetic Structure of Local Populations and Cultivars of Meadow Fescue from the Nordic and Baltic Regions. Crop. Sci. 49:200–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fjellheim, S. and Rognli, O.A. 2005a. Genetic diversity within and among Nordic meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) cultivars based on AFLP markers. Crop. Sci. 45:2081–2086.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fjellheim, S. and Rognli, O.A. 2005b. Molecular diversity of local Norwegian meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) populations and Nordic cultivars – consequences for management and utilisation. Theor. Appl. Genet. 111:640–650.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fjellheim, S., Rognli, O.A., Fosnes, K. and Brochmann, C. 2006. Phylogeographical history of the widespread meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) inferred from chloroplast DNA sequences. J. Biogeogr. 33:1470–1478.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frandsen, K.J. and Fritsen, H. 1982. Variability and inheritance of digestibility in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis), and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerara). I. Parent clones. Acta. Agric. Scand. 32:437–453

    Google Scholar 

  • Funk, C.R, Belanger, F.C. and Murphy, J.A. 1994. Role of endophytes in grasses used for turf and soil conservation. In C. Bacon, J. White (eds.), Biotechnology of Endophytes. CRC press Boca Raton, FL, pp. 201–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, A.A., Juska, F.V. and Burton, G.W. 1969. Species and varieties. In A.A. Hanson, F.V. Juska (eds.), Turfgrass science. Agron. Monogr. 14. ASA, Madison, WI, pp. 370–409.

    Google Scholar 

  • Havstad, L.T. 1998. Seed yield of meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) in Norway and Denmark: The effects of locations, cultivars and autumn management. Acta Agric. Scand. Sect. B Soil Plant Sci. 48:144–158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Havstad, L.T. 2009. Frøavl av engsvingel. Dyrkingsveiledning 2009 (Seed production of meadow fesue. Growers guidance). Bioforsk Øst Landvik, p. 10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heide, O.M. 1994. Control of flowering and reproduction in temperate grasses. New Phytol. 128:347–362.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holder, T. L., West, C. P., Turner, K. E., McConnell, M. E. and Piper, E. L. 1994. Incidence and Viability of Acremonium Endophytes in Tall Fescue and Meadow Fescue Plant Introductions. Crop. Sci. 34:252–254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopkins, A.A. 2005. Grazing tolerance of cool-season grasses planted as seeded sward plots and spaced plants. Crop. Sci. 45:1559–1564.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopkins, A.A. and Alison, M.W. 2006. Stand persistence and animal performance for tall fescue endophyte combinations in the south central USA. Agron J. 98:1221–1226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopkins, A.A., Saha, M.C. and Wang, Z.-Y. 2007. Tall fescue breeding, genetics, and cultivars. In H.A. Fribourg, D.B. Hannaway. (eds.), Tall Fescue On-line Monograph. http://forages.oregonstate.edu/is/tfis/book.cfm?PageID=366&chapter=10&section=0 Accessed 27 April 2009

  • Hu, Y., Jia, W., Wang, J., Zhang, Y., Yang, L. and Lin, Z. 2005. Transgenic tall fescue containing the Agrobacterium tumefaciens ipt gene shows enhanced cold tolerance. Plant. Cell Rep. 23:705–709.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huff, D.R. and A.J. Palazzao. 1998. Fine fescue species determination by laser flow cytometry. Crop. Sci. 38:445–450.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huizing, H.J., van Dermolen, W., Kloek, W. and den Nijs, A.P.M. 1991. Detection of lolines in endophyte-containing meadow fescue in the Netherlands and the effect of elevated temperature on induction of lolines in endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass. GrassForage Sci. 46:441–445.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hultén, E. and Fries, M. 1986. Atlas of North European vascular plants: north of the Tropic of Cancer I-III. Koeltz Scientific Books, Königstein

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, K.L. and Sleper, D.A. 1981. Fertility of hybrids between two geographic races of tall fescue. Crop. Sci. 21:400–404.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkin, T.J. 1959. Fescue species (Festuca L.). In Handbuch der Planzenzüchtung, 2. Aufl., Band IV. Paul Parey in Berlin und Hamburg, pp. 418–434.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, A.M.D., Mikkelsen, L. and Roulund, N. 2007. Variation in genetic markers and ergovaline production in endophyte (Neotyphodium)-infected fescue species collected in Italy, Spain, and Denmark. Crop. Sci. 47:139–147.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kemp, M.L., Clarke B.B. and C.R. Funk. 1990. The susceptibility of fine fescues to isolates of Magnaporthe poae and Gaeumannomyces incrustans. Phytopathology 80:978.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, I.P., Morgan,W.G., Armstead, I.P., Harper, J.A., Hayward, M.D., Bollard, A., Nash, J.V., Forster, J.W. and Thomas, H.M. 1998. Introgression mapping in the grasses. I. Introgression of Festuca pratensis chromosomes and chromosome segments into Lolium perenne. Heredity 81:462–467.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King, J., Armstead, I., Donnison, I., Harper, J., Roberts, L., Thomas, H., Ougham, H., Thomas, A., Huang, L. and King, I.P. 2007a. Introgression mapping in the grasses. Chromosome Res. 15:105–113.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • King, J., Armstead, I.P., Donnison, S.I., Roberts, L.A., Harper, J.A., Skøt, K., Elborough, K. and King, I.P. 2007b. Comparative analyses between Lolium/Festuca introgression lines and rice reveal the major fraction of functionally annotated gene models is located in recombination-poor/very recombination-poor regions of the genome. Genetics 177:597–606.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kopecký, D., Bartoš, J., Lukaszewski, A.J,. Baird, J.H., Cernoch, V., Kölliker, R., Rognli, O.A., Blois, H., Caig, V., Lübberstedt, T., Studer, B., Doležel, J. and Kilian, A. 2009a. Development and mapping of dart markers within the Festuca-lolium complex. BMC Genomics (accepted)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kopecký, D., Bartoš, J., Lukaszewski, A.J., Baird, J.H., Cernoch, V., Kölliker, R., Sandve, S.R., Rognli, O.A., Blois, H., Caig, V., Doležel, J. and Kilian, A. 2009b. DArTFest – a platform for high-throughput genome profiling within the Festuca–Lolium complex, p??, In Proceedings of the 28th Meeting of the EUCARPIA Fodder Crops and Amenity Grasses Section, La Rochelle, France, 11–14 May, 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kopecký, D., Lukaszewski, A.J. and Doležel, J. 2008. Meiotic behavior of individual chromosomes of Festuca pratensis in tetraploid Lolium multiflorum. Chromosome Res. 16:987–998.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kölliker, R., Stadelmann, F.J., Reidy, B. and Nösberger, J. 1998. Fertilization and defoliation frequency affect genetic diversity of Festuca pratensis Huds. in permanent grasslands. Mol. Ecol. 7:1557–1567.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kölliker, R., Stadelmann, F.J., Reidy, B. and Nösberger, J. 1999. Genetic variability of forage grass cultivars: A comparison of Festuca pratensis Huds., Lolium perenne L., and Dactylis glomerata L. Euphytica 106:261–270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leuchtmann, A., Schmidt, D. and Bush, L.P. 2000. Different levels of protective alkaloids in grasses with stroma-forming and seed-transmitted Epichloe/Neotyphodium endophytes. J. Chem. Ecol. 26:1025–1036.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, E.J. 1977. Studies in Festuca IV. A phyletic study of Festuca pratensis var. Apennina (De Not.) Hack., hybridization with synthetic tetraploid F. pratensis Huds. Genetica 47:59–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lundqvist, A. 1962. The nature of the two-loci incompatibility system in grasses. II. Number of alleles at the incompatibility loci in Festuca pratensis Huds. Hereditas 48:169–181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Makela, P. and Kousa, M. 2009. Seed production of two meadow fescue cultivars differing in growth habit. Agr. Food Sci. 18:91–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathews, S., Tsai, R.C. and Kellogg, E.A. 2000. Phylogenetic structure in the grass family (Poaceae): evidence from the nuclear gene phytochrome B. Am. J. Bot. 87:96–107.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McGrath, S., Hodkinson, T.R. and Barth, S. 2007. Extremely high cytoplasmic diversity in natural and breeding populations of Lolium (Poaceae). Heredity 99:531–544.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, W.A. and C.R. Funk. 1989. Progress and benefits to humanity from breeding cool-season grasses for turf. In D.A. Sleper et al. (eds.), Contributions from breeding forage and turfgrasses. CSSA Spec Publ 15. CSSA, Madison, WI, pp. 31–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mian, M.A.R, Saha, M.C., Hopkins, A.A. and Wang, Z.-Y. 2005. Use of tall fescue EST-SSR markers in phylogenetic analysis of cool-season forage grasses. Genome 48:637–647.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Michel, V.V. 2001. Interactions between Xanthomonas campestris pv. graminis strains and meadow fescue and Italian rye grass cultivars. Plant Dis. 85:538–542.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, J.A., Sun, S. and Betts, L.L. 1993. Endophyte-enhanced resistance to billbug (Coleptera:Curculionidae), sod webworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and white grub (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in tall fescue. Environ. Entomol. 22:699–703.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen, H.T. and Sleper, D.A. 1985. Diallel analysis of seed yield and reproductive characters in two populations of tall fescue. Plant Breed 94:111–127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen, H.T., Sleper, D.A. and Matches, A.G. 1982. Inheritance of forage quality and its relationship to leaf tensile strength in tall fescue. Crop Sci. 22:67–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peter-Schmid, M.K.I., Boller B. and Kölliker, R. 2008b. Habitat and management affect genetic structure of Festuca pratensis but not Lolium multiflorum ecotype populations. Plant Breed 127:510–517.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peter-Schmid, M.K.I, Kölliker, R. and Boller, B. 2008a. Value of permanent grassland habitats as reservoirs of Festuca pratensis Huds. and Lolium multiflorum Lam. populations for breeding and conservation. Euphytica 164:239–253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rognli, O.A. 2007. Genetic analysis of seed yield components. In Proceedings of the XXVII’th EUCARPIA Symposium on Improvement of Fodder Crops and Amenity Grasses’, Denmark, August 19–23, 2007, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 83-87. http://www.eucarpia.org/01sections/foddercrops/section_meetings2/sm2.html.

  • Rognli, O.A., Nurminiemi, M. and Nilsson, N.-O. 2000. Effects of distance and pollen competition on gene flow in the wind-pollinated grass Festuca pratensis Huds. Heredity 85:550–560.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ruemmele, B.A., Brilman, L.A. and Huff, D.R. 1995. Fine fescue germplasm diversity and vulnerability. Crop Sci. 35:313–316.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruemmele, B.A., Wipff, J., Brilman, L. and Hignight, K. 2003. Fine-leaved fescue species, In M.D. Casler, R.R. Duncan, (eds.), Turfgrass Biology, Genetics and Breeding. John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 129–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saari, S., Lehtonen, P., Helander, M. and Saikkonen, K. 2009. High variation in frequency of infection by endophytes in cultivars of meadow fescue in Finland. Grass Forage Sci. 64:169–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saha, M.C., Cooper, J.D., Mian, M.A.R., Chekhovskiy, K. and May, G.D. 2006. Tall fescue genomic SSR markers: development and transferability across multiple grass species. Theor. Appl. Genet. 113:1449–1458.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saha, D.C., Johnson-Cicalese, J.M., Halisky, P.M., van Heemstra, M.I. and Funk, C.R. 1987. Occurrence and significance of endophytic fungi in the fine fescues. Plant Dis. 71:1021–1024.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saha, M.C., Kirigwi, F.M., Chekhovskiy, K., Black, J. and Hopkins, A.A. 2007. Molecular mapping of QTLs associated with important forage traits in tall fescue. In T. Yamada, G. Spangenberg (eds.), Molecular Breeding of Forage and Turf. Springer, NY, USA, pp. 251–257.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saha, M.C., Mian, M.A.R., Eujayl, I., Zwonitzer, J.C., Wang, L. and May, G.D. 2004. Tall fescue EST-SSR markers with transferability across several grass species. Theor. Appl. Genet. 109:783–791.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saha, M.C., Mian, M.A.R., Zwonitzer, J.C., Chekhovskiy, K. and Hopkins, A.A. 2005. An SSR- and AFLP-based genetic linkage map of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Theor. Appl. Genet. 110:323–336.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sampoux, J.-P. and Huyghe, C. 2009. Contribution of ploidy-level variation and adaptive trait diversity to the environmental distribution of taxa in the ‘fine-leaved fescue’ lineage (genus Festuca subg. Festuca). J. Biogeogr. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02133.x

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaerff, A. 2008. Wirtschaftlichkeit der Gräservermehrung - Ergebnisse eines Forschungsprojektes aus dem Freistaat Sachsen. In: Züchtungsperspektiven und Saatugtproduktion bei Gräsern, Klee und Zwischenfrüchten, 49. Fachtagung des DLG-Ausschusses “Gräser, Klee und Zwischenfrüchte”. Bonn, 4. November 2008. DLG, Frankfurt, pp. 49–58. http://www.dlg.org/uploads/media/fachtagung49.pdf

  • Schmit, R.M., Duell, R.W. and Funk, C.R. 1974. Isolation barriers and self-compatibility in selected fine fescues. In E.C. Roberts (ed.) Proc. Int. Turfgrass Res. Conf., 2nd Blacksburg, VA. 19–21 July 1973. ASA and CSSA, Madison, WI, pp. 9–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seal, A.G. 1983. DNA variation in Festuca. Heredity 50:225–236.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simonsen, Ø. 1975. Cytogenetic investigations in diploid and autotetraploid populations of Festuca pratensis Huds. Hereditas 79:73–108.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, D., Klooster, G.V. and Wipff, J.K. 2005. Rhizome formation in tall fescue as affected by location and sampling period. Poster at The ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings November 6–10, 2005, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Sleper, D.A. and Buckner, R.C. 1995. The fescues, In R.F. Barnes, et. al. (eds.), Forages, Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Sleper, D.A., Mayland, H.F., Crawford, R.J. Jr, Shewmaker, G.E., and Massie, M.D. 2002. Registration of HiMag tall fescue germplasm. Crop. Sci. 42:318–319.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, D.A., Bara, R.R., Dickson, W.K., Duell, R.W., Betts, L.L., Sun, S., Clarke, B.B. and Funk, C.R. 1993. Performance of fine fescue cultivars and selection in New Jersey selection trials. Rutgers Turfgrass Proc. 24:68–71.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solberg, T.R. 2002. QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) analyses of fodder quality in meadow fescue Festuca pratensis Huds. MSc thesis, Agricultural University of Norway, Ås, Norway.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soreng, R.J., Davis, J.I. and Doyle, J.J. 1990. A phylogenetic analysis of the chloroplast DNA restriction site variation in Poaceae subfam. Pooideae. Plant Syst. Evol. 172:83–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spangenberg, G., Wang, Z.-Y. and Potrykus, I. 1998. Biotechnology in forage and turf grass improvement. In R. Frankel, et al. (ed.), Monographs on Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Vol. 18, Springer, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stebbins, G.L. 1956. Taxonomy and the evolution of genera, with special reference to the family Gramineae. Evolution 10:235–245.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sugiyama, S. and Gotoh, K. 1987. Studies on potential variability in Festuca, 7: Yielding ability and fertility in the hybrid population from the crossing between synthetic autotetraploid of meadow fescue and natural tetraploid, F. pratensis var. Apennina. Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture – Hokkaido University (Japan) 15:331–336.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sulinowski, S., Wisniewska, H. and Sekowska, K. 1982. Frequency of spontaneous polyploids in Lolium perenne and Festuca pratensis. In: M.D. Hayward (ed.), Utilization of genetic resources in fodder crop breeding, Proceedings of the 11th EUCARPIA Meeting of the Fodder Crops Section, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK, September 13–16, pp. 55–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takai, T., Sadao, N., Yasumichi, T., Sadao, H., Hisaaki, D., Hiroshi, A., Kazuhiko, M., Shin’Ichi, S. and Koichi, I. 2001. Breeding of ‘Harusakae’ meadow fescue and its characteristics. Res Bull Hokkaido Nat. Agric. Exp. Stn. 173:47–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takai, T., Sanada, Y. and Yamada, T. 2004. Analysis of control mechanism of flowering in late heading meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) strain with lower seed production. Grassland Sci. 50:408–414.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tamura, K.-I., Yonemaru, J.-I., Hisano, H., Kanamori, H., King, J., King, I., Tase, K., Sanada, Y., Komatsu, T. and Yamada, T. 2009. Development of intron-flanking EST markers for the Lolium/Festuca complex using rice genomic information. Theor. Appl. Genet. 118:1549–1560.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tian, L., Huang, C., Liang, R.R., Li, Z., Zhang, L., Wang, Y., Zhang, X. and Wu, Z. 2006. Overexpression AtNHX1 confers salt-tolerance of transgenic tall fescue. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 5:1041–1044.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turgeon, A.J. 1991. Turfgrass management, 3rd ed. Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyler, B.F. 1988. Description and distribution of natural variation in forage grasses. In Natural variation and breeding for adaptation, Proc. EUCARPIA Fodder Crops Sect. 22–24 Sept. INRA, Lusignan, France, pp. 13–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valay, R. and E. van Santen. 1999. Grazing induces a patterned selection response in tall fescue. Crop Sci 39:44–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogel, K.P., Gorz, H.J and Haskins, F.A. 1989. Breeding grasses for future. In Sleper, D.A. et al. ( ed.), Contributions from breeding forage and turfgrasses. CSSA Spec. Publ. 15. CSSA, Madison, WI, pp. 105–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Z.-Y., Bell, J., Ge, Y.X. and Lehmann, D. 2003a. Inheritance of transgenes in transgenic tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol. Plant 39:277–282.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Z-Y. and Y. Ge. 2006. Recent advances in genetic transformation of forage and turf grasses. In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol. Plant 42:1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Z.-Y., Ge, Y.X., Scott, M. and Spangenberg, G. 2004. Viability and longevity of pollen from transgenic and non-transgenic tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) plants. Am. J. Bot. 91:523–530.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Z.-Y., Ye, X.D., Nagel, J., Potrykus, I. and Spangenberg, G. 2001. Expression of a sulphur-rich sunflower albumin gene in transgenic tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) plants. Plant Cell Rep. 20:213–219.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Z.-Y., Scott, M., Bell, J., Hopkins, A. and Lehmann, D. 2003b. Field performance of transgenic tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) plants and their progenies. Theor. Appl. Genet. 107:406–412.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Z.-Y., Takamizo, T., Iglesias, V.A., Osusky, M., Nagel, J., Potrykus, I. and Spangenberg, G. 1992. Transgenic plants of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) obtained by direct gene transfer to protoplasts. BioTechnol. 10:691–696

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, W.W., Sleper, D.A. and Chao, S. 1995. Genome mapping of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) with RFLP markers. Theor. Appl. Genet. 91:947–955.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, W.W., Sleper, D.A. and Hoisington, D.A. 1991. A survey of restriction fragment length polymorphisms in tall fescue and its relatives. Genome 34:686–692.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zwierzykowski, Z., Kosmala, A., Zwierzykowska, E., Jones, N., Joks, W. and Bocianowski, J. 2006. Genome balance in six successive generations of the allotetraploid Festuca pratensis x Lolium perenne. Theor. Appl. Genet. 113:539–547.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Odd Arne Rognli .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rognli, O.A., Saha, M.C., Bhamidimarri, S., van der Heijden, S. (2010). Fescues. In: Boller, B., Posselt, U.K., Veronesi, F. (eds) Fodder Crops and Amenity Grasses. Handbook of Plant Breeding, vol 5. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0760-8_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics