Penis

Abstract

The two main indications for intraoperative FS for penile cancer are margin evaluation for partial or total penectomies and nodal status evaluation. It has been shown that the use of intraoperative FS can lead to a concomitant decrease in both positive surgical margins and recurrence in squamous cell carcinoma or Paget’s disease.^{76, 77} Nowadays, the diagnosis of penile cancer is made almost exclusively by tissue biopsy before definitive surgery. In fact, using FS for the purpose of diagnosis at the time of surgery is discouraged because it is often difficult or impossible to make a distinction between a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma or verucous carcinoma from nonneoplastic conditions.