Abstract
Captain Cook’s third expedition to the Pacific reached Hawaii in 1778. Western diseases soon thereafter reduced an indigenous population of at least several hundred thousand (if not 1,000,000) to fewer than 50,000 by 1878 (Stannard, 1989), while foreign plantation workers and other immigrants arrived by the tens of thousands. Successive capitalist ventures in the nineteenth century, including the fur trade, sandalwood trade, whaling, the California gold rush, ranching, and cash-crop plantations altered a self-sufficient Hawaiian economy. Beginning in 1820, Protestant missionaries, followed by other missionary groups, heavily influenced Hawaiian ideologies. By the twentieth century, Hawaii had been transformed from an indigenous sovereign nation (recognized by several Western powers) to a colonized US territory, taken in a coup d’état by resident US businessmen and US marines in 1893.
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Acknowledgments
I thank Susan Lebo and Margie Purser for their helpful comments on a much earlier draft of this paper, and Carolyn White for her helpful and patient editing of the manuscript. I also sincerely thank all of the students and other participants who assisted me in field schools at Fort Elizabeth, the John Young Homestead, and Keanakolu.
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Mills, P.R. (2009). Folk Housing in the Middle of the Pacific: Architectural Lime, Creolized Ideologies, and Expressions of Power in Nineteenth-Century Hawaii. In: White, C. (eds) The Materiality of Individuality. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0498-0_5
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