Across Europe, certain grandparents are being relied upon to provide informal care for their grandchildren, particularly as part of a package of early-years childcare provision (Gray, 2005; Lewis et al., 2008). The increased participation of women in the labour market (Crouch, 1999), without concomitant and equivalent increased participation of men in informal care (Hook, 2006) means that the demand for informal care is likely to increase whilst supply decreases. Evidence suggests that grandparents are the informal carers of choice after the parents themselves (Wheelock and Jones, 2002). However, certain interest groups representing grandparents have raised the concern that grandparents may be making a rather larger contribution to the care and upbringing of their grandchildren than they had anticipated (e.g. Age Concern, 2006). Regular primary care of small children is a time consuming activity, which is both physically and emotionally demanding and as such, not a task that grandparents had necessarily envisaged as a core part of their grandparental role.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Age Concern (2004) The Economic Contribution of Older People, Age Concern England Policy Unit, London.
Age Concern (2006) Grandparents, Age Concern Policy Position Papers, Age Concern England Policy Unit, London.
Anderson, S., Bradshaw, P., Cunningham-Burley, S., Hayes, F., Jamieson, L., MacGregor, A., Marryat, L. and Wasoff, F. (2007) Growing up in Scotland: Sweep 1 Overview Report, Scottish Executive, Edinburgh.
Bamford, C., Gregson, B., Farrow, G., Buck, D., Dowswell, T., McNamee, P., Bond, J. and Wright, K. (1998) Mental and physical frailty in older people: the costs and benefits of informal care, Ageing and Society, 18(3): 317–354.
BBC3 (2008) Britain's Youngest Grannies, Part of the Seriously Young Season, Film produced by BBC3 programmes.
Bolin, K., Lindgren, B. and Lundborg, P. (2007) Your next of kin or your own career? Caring and working among the 50+ of Europe, Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper, TI 2007-032/3.
Bradshaw, P., Jamieson, L. and Wasoff, F. (2008) Growing up in Scotland Study: Use of Informal Support by Families with Young Children, Scottish Government, Edinburgh.
Brennan, D. and Cass, B. (2007) Understanding grandparent care: Policy and practice implications of grandparents as primary carers of their grandchildren in the Australian context, Paper presented at the CRFR Extended and Extending Families Conference, University of Edinburgh, 27–29 June.
Broad, B. (2004) Kinship care for children in the UK: messages from research, lessons for policy and practice, European Journal of Social Work, 7(2): 211–227.
Budig, M. and Folbre, N. (2004) Activity, Proximity or Responsibility? Measuring Parental Childcare Time, Chapter 3 in Folbre, N. and Bittman, M. (eds.) Family Time: The Social Organization of Childcare, Routledge, London and New York.
Castles, F. (2004) The Future of the Welfare State: Crisis Myths and Crisis Realities, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Clarke, L. and Cairns, H. (2001) Grandparents and the care of children: the research and evidence, in Broad, B. (ed.) Kinship Care: The Placement Choice for Children and Young People, Russell House Publishing, London, pp. 11–20.
Croda, E. and Gonzalez-Chapela, J. (2005) How do European older adults use their time?, in Börsch-Supan, A. (ed.) Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe – First results from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Aging, Mannheim, pp. 265–271.
Crompton, R. (1999), Restructuring Gender Relations and Employment: The Decline of the Male Breadwinner, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Crouch, C. (1999) Social Change in Western Europe, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Daly, M. (2002) A fine balance: Women’s Labor Market Participation in International Comparison, in Scharpf, F.W. and Schmidt, V.A. (eds.) Welfare and Work in the Open Economy, Vol. II, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 467–510.
Dench, G and Ogg, J. (2002) Grand-parenting in Britain: A Baseline Study, Institute of Community Studies, London.
Dench, G., Ogg, J. and Thompson, K. (1999) The role of grandparents’, in Jowell, R., Curtice, J., Park, A. Brook, L. and Thomson, K. (eds.) British Social Attitudes: The 16th Report, Ashgate, Aldershot, pp. 135–157.
Ditch, J., Bradshaw, J. and Eardley, T. (1996) Developments in National Family Policies in 1994, Social Policy Research Unit. York.
Douglas, G. and Ferguson, N. (2003) The role of grandparents in divorced families, International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, 17(1): 41–67.
EC (1990) 1992 – The Social Dimension. 4th Edition. European Documentation 2/1990, European Commission, Brussels.
EC (2002) Increasing labour force participation and promoting active ageing, COM (2002) 9 final, European Commission, Brussels.
Esping-Andersen, G., Gallie, D., Hemerijck, A. and Myles, J. (2002) Why We Need a New Welfare State, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Gauthier, A. and Smeeding, T. (2003) Time use at older ages: cross-national differences, Research on Aging, 25(3): 247–274.
Gershuny, J. (2004) Costs and benefits of time sampling methodologies, Social Indicators Research, 67: 247–252.
Gornick, J. and Meyers, M. (2003) Families that Work: Policies for Reconciling Parenthood and Employment, Russell Sage Foundation, New York.
Grandparents plus and Adfam, (2006) Forgotten Families: The Needs and Experiences of Grandparents who Care for Children whose Parents Misuse Drugs and Alcohol, Adfam and Grandparents plus, London.
Gray, A. (2005) The changing availability of grandparents as carers and its implications for childcare policy in the UK, Journal of Social Policy, 34(4): 557–577.
Greengoss, Baroness (4 June 2007) Lords Debate, Pensions Bill, Hansard.
Hank, K. and Buber, I. (2007) Grandparents caring for their grandchildren: findings from the 2004 Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, MEA Working Paper 127–2007, Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Aging, University of Mannheim.
Hansen, K. and Hawkes, D. (2009) Early childcare and child development, Journal of Social Policy, 38(2): forthcoming.
Hirshorn, B.A. (1998) Grandparents as caregivers, in Szinovacz, M.E. (ed.) Handbook on Grandparenthood, Greenwood Press, Westport, pp. 200–216.
Hook, J. (2006) Care in context: men’s unpaid work in 20 countries, 1965–2003, American Sociological Review, 71(4): 639–660.
Joshi, H., Paci, P. and Waldfogel, J. (1999) The wages of motherhood: better or worse, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 23: 543–564.
Juster, F.T. and Stafford, F.P. (1991) The allocation of time: empirical findings, behavioral models and problems of measurement, Journal of Economic Literature, 29: 471–522.
Kemp, C. (2003) The social and demographic contours of contemporary grandparenthood: mapping patterns in Canada and the United States, Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 34(2): 187–212
Land, H. (2002) Spheres of care in the UK: separate and unequal, Critical Social Policy, 22(1): 13–32.
Le Bihan, B. and Martin, C. (2004) Atypical working hours: consequences for childcare arrangements, Social Policy and Administration, 38(6): 565–590.
Lee, Y.-S. (2005) Measuring the gender gap in household labor: accurately estimating wives’ and husbands’ contributions, in Schneider, B. and Waite, L.J. (eds.) Being Together, Working Apart: Dual-Career Families and the Work-Life Balance, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 229–247.
Lewis, J., Campbell, M. and Huerta, C. (2008) Patterns of paid and unpaid work in Western Europe: gender, commodification, preferences and the implications for policy, Journal of European Social Policy, 18(1): 21–37.
Kroll, B. (2007) A family affair? Kinship care and parental substance misuse: some dilemmas explored, Child and Family Social Work, 12: 84–93.
OECD (2004) Babies and Bosses – Reconciling Work and Family Life, Volume 3: New Zealand, Portugal and Switzerland, OECD, Paris.
Price, D. (2006) Why are older women in the UK poor? Quality in Ageing, 7(2): 23–32.
MacKenzie, P. (2007) The multiple layers of mothering work: grandparents raising grandchildren, Paper presented at the CRFR Extended and Extending Families Conference, University of Edinburgh, 27–29 June.
Murphy, M. and Grundy, E. (2003) Mothers with living children and children with living mothers: the role of fertility and mortality in the period 1911–2050, Population Trends, 112: 34–44.
Neilson, J. (1998) European briefing: equal opportunities for women in the European Union: success or failure, Journal of European Social Policy, 8(1): 64–79.
Richards, A. (2001) Second Time Around: A Survey of Grandparents Raising Their Grandchildren, Family Rights Group, London.
Rowlatt, J. (2007) Current Affairs, BBC – The One Show, URL http://www.bbc.co.uk/theoneshow/article/2007/07/jr_grannynannies.shtml accessed 5 May 2008.
Smith, A. and Williams, D. (2007) Father friendly legislation and paternal time across Western Europe, Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis, 9(3): 175–192.
Smith Koslowski, A. (2008) Who Cares? European Fathers and the Time they Spend Looking after Children, VDM Verlag Dr Müller, Saarbrücken.
Szikra, D. (2008) Personal correspondence with the author, April.
Wallace, C. (2002) Household strategies: their conceptual relevance and analytical scope in social research, Sociology: 36 (2) 275–292.
Wheelock, J. and Jones, K. (2002) Grandparents are the next best thing: informal childcare for working parents in urban Britain, Journal of Social Policy, 31(3): 441–63.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Koslowski, A.S. (2009). Grandparents and the Care of Their Grandchildren. In: Kneale, D., Coast, E., Stillwell, J. (eds) Fertility, Living Arrangements, Care and Mobility. Understanding Population Trends and Processes, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9682-2_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9682-2_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-9681-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-9682-2
eBook Packages: Business and EconomicsEconomics and Finance (R0)